Bio Unit 7 Test (Evolution)

Question 1

Who is the father of evolution?

Answer 1

Charles Darwin

Question 2

What are the four components of evolution that Darwin came up with?

Answer 2

Variation
Inheritance
Selection
Time

Question 3

What is variation?

Answer 3

Any difference between the individuals in a species or groups of organisms of any species.

A mutation in the genetic code that causes a defect that will be passed down.

mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation, but mechanisms such as sexual reproduction and gene flow contribute to it as well.

Question 4

What does evolution mean?

Answer 4

Evolution means to grow, in this case, you are growing to adapt to your environment

Evolution is a process that results in changes in the genetic material of a population over time. Evolution reflects the adaptations of organisms to their changing environments and can result in altered genes, novel traits, and new species.

Question 5

What is adaptation?

Answer 5

.Adaptation is the evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes better able to live in its habitat or habitats.

Changing something about your life or about yourself to better fit your environment

Question 6

What is meant by overproduction in terms of evolution?

Answer 6

When a species produces more offspring than can survive

Question 7

What does natural selection mean?

Answer 7

The process of weeding out bad genetic traits and replacing them with better new ones

Question 8

What is used as evidence that evolution happens?

Answer 8

The fact that most of everything can be traced back to a common ancestor but based on where you are located, you might have different features

Question 9

What are homologous structures?

Answer 9

similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor

structures that are so similar that they imply a common ancestor

The same type of structure is used for the same thing

Question 10

Give an example of homologous structures

Answer 10

A crocodile arm and a human arm

Question 11

What are vestigial structures?

Answer 11

Structures that are not needed in the body

features of an organism that are considered to have lost much or all of their original function through evolution.

Question 12

Give an example of a vestigial structure

Answer 12

appendix

Question 13

What is microevolution?

Answer 13

the changing of alleles over time

Microevolution is simply a change in gene frequency within a population. Evolution at this scale can be observed over short periods of time — for example, between one generation and the next, the frequency of a gene for brown coloration in a population of beetles increases.

Question 14

What is macroevolution?

Answer 14

the evolution of large-scale structures

Question 15

Two organisms are considered the same species if _____________?

Answer 15

If they can interbreed to produce viable, fertile offspring

Question 16

What is speciation?

Answer 16

When a group from one specific species branches off and becomes their own other species

Question 17

What are analogous structures?

Answer 17

Appendages used for similar things but look completely different

Question 18

Give an example of analogous structures

Answer 18

Birdwing and a bug wing

Question 19

What causes variation among organisms?

Answer 19

Genetic mutation

Question 20

What are the main causes of speciation?

Answer 20

Environmental change

Question 21

How does evolution rely on the acquired characteristics (things they learn or adjust to be able to do) of an organism over its lifetime?

Answer 21

Evolution relies on acquired characteristics because if they do not adjust to their habitat they will die out

Question 22

What is antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

Answer 22

bacteria that have evolved to become immune to antibodies

Question 23

What are some things you can do to stop antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

Answer 23

use antibiotics less frequently

Question 24

Why are the peppered moths a good example of natural selection and evolution?

Answer 24

when they were peppered and not a solid color they couldn’t blend into their surroundings and they died out, so they evolved to be a solid color to match their surroundings

Question 25

What is a short-term, learned response to an environmental change?

Answer 25

Acclimatization

Question 26

What is directional selection? (thing about the bird beak Gizmo)

Answer 26

forceful change in genotype of phenotype over time

Question 27

What is the stabilizing selection?

Answer 27

natural selection wherein individuals with moderate or average phenotypes are more fit