Bio Unit 7 Test (Evolution) Flashcards
Who is the father of evolution?
Charles Darwin
What are the four components of evolution that Darwin came up with?
Variation
Inheritance
Selection
Time
What is variation?
Any difference between the individuals in a species or groups of organisms of any species.
A mutation in the genetic code that causes a defect that will be passed down.
mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation, but mechanisms such as sexual reproduction and gene flow contribute to it as well.
What does evolution mean?
Evolution means to grow, in this case, you are growing to adapt to your environment
Evolution is a process that results in changes in the genetic material of a population over time. Evolution reflects the adaptations of organisms to their changing environments and can result in altered genes, novel traits, and new species.
What is adaptation?
.Adaptation is the evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes better able to live in its habitat or habitats.
Changing something about your life or about yourself to better fit your environment
What is meant by overproduction in terms of evolution?
When a species produces more offspring than can survive
What does natural selection mean?
The process of weeding out bad genetic traits and replacing them with better new ones
What is used as evidence that evolution happens?
The fact that most of everything can be traced back to a common ancestor but based on where you are located, you might have different features
What are homologous structures?
similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor
structures that are so similar that they imply a common ancestor
The same type of structure is used for the same thing
Give an example of homologous structures
A crocodile arm and a human arm
What are vestigial structures?
Structures that are not needed in the body
features of an organism that are considered to have lost much or all of their original function through evolution.
Give an example of a vestigial structure
appendix
What is microevolution?
the changing of alleles over time
Microevolution is simply a change in gene frequency within a population. Evolution at this scale can be observed over short periods of time — for example, between one generation and the next, the frequency of a gene for brown coloration in a population of beetles increases.
What is macroevolution?
the evolution of large-scale structures
Two organisms are considered the same species if _____________?
If they can interbreed to produce viable, fertile offspring
What is speciation?
When a group from one specific species branches off and becomes their own other species
What are analogous structures?
Appendages used for similar things but look completely different
Give an example of analogous structures
Birdwing and a bug wing
What causes variation among organisms?
Genetic mutation
What are the main causes of speciation?
Environmental change
How does evolution rely on the acquired characteristics (things they learn or adjust to be able to do) of an organism over its lifetime?
Evolution relies on acquired characteristics because if they do not adjust to their habitat they will die out
What is antibiotic-resistant bacteria?
bacteria that have evolved to become immune to antibodies
What are some things you can do to stop antibiotic-resistant bacteria?
use antibiotics less frequently
Why are the peppered moths a good example of natural selection and evolution?
when they were peppered and not a solid color they couldn’t blend into their surroundings and they died out, so they evolved to be a solid color to match their surroundings
What is a short-term, learned response to an environmental change?
Acclimatization
What is directional selection? (thing about the bird beak Gizmo)
forceful change in genotype of phenotype over time
What is the stabilizing selection?
natural selection wherein individuals with moderate or average phenotypes are more fit
