Bio U2 - 2.6

Question 1

State the two types of nucleic acid.

Answer 1

DNA and RNA

Question 2

Outline the parts of a nucleotide.

Answer 2

A backbone of sugar molecules and phosphate groups, with bases attached to the sugars. Pentose sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 3

Identify and label carbons by number (for example, C1, C2, C3) on a nucleotide drawing.

Answer 3

Notebook!

Question 4

Explain how nucleotides can connect to form a nucleic acid polymer.

Answer 4

Nucleotides connect by creating a covalent bond between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of the other

Question 5

State the names of the nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA.

Answer 5

DNA: Adenine (A), Citosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T)
RNA: Adenine (A), Citosine (C), Guanine (G), and Uracil (U)

Question 6

Identify nitrogenous bases as either a pyrimidine or purine.

Answer 6

Pyrimidine (single rings): C, U, and T
Purines (double rings): A and G (angels and gods are pure)

Question 7

State the complementary base pairing rules.

Answer 7

A = T
A = U
G triple bond C

Question 8

Compare the structure of DNA and RNA.

Answer 8

DNA and RNA vary on the number of strands, base parings, and pentose.
Pentose: Deoxyribose vs Ribose
Stands: DNA double helix vs RNA single stranded
Base Parings: DNA A=T, G - triple bond - C / RNA A=U, G - triple bond - C

Question 9

Define antiparallel in relation to DNA structure.

Answer 9

Adjacent molecules are parallel to each other but oriented in opposite directions

Question 10

Outline the formation of a DNA double helix by hydrogen bonding between nitrogenous bases

Answer 10

Complimentary base pairs in each DNA strand form hydrogen bonds between each other that make it double and they begin to spiral around each other, hence “double helix”

Question 11

Identify the four bases of DNA based on the numbers of rings (purines or pyrimidines) and the number of hydrogen bonds it can form.

Answer 11

Guanine always 2 rings and 3 bonds
Adenine always 2 rings and 2 bonds

Question 12

State the number of nitrogenous bases per complete turn of the DNA double helix.

Answer 12

10 pairs of bases, 20 nucleotides

Question 13

Draw the basic structure of a single nucleotide (using circle, pentagon and rectangle).

Answer 13

Notebook!

Question 14

Draw a simple diagram of the structure of RNA.

Answer 14

Notebook!

Question 15

Draw a simple diagram of the structure of DNA.

Answer 15

Notebook!

Question 16

Identify and label the 5’ and 3’ ends on a DNA or RNA diagram.

Answer 16

5’ always the phosphate group carbon and 3’ always the sugar carbon

Question 17

Outline the role of Chargaff, Watson, Crick, Franklin and Wilkins in the discovery of DNA structure.