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GAMSAT 2024 > Bio - The Cell > Flashcards

Bio - The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cell?

A

The smallest structural unit of all organisms

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2
Q

What are the three parts of cell theory?

A
  1. living things consist of one cell or more
  2. cells are the unit of structure and organisations in living things
  3. all cells must arise from preexisting cells
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3
Q

How does genetic information vary between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic = nucleoid region, single circular strand of DNA

Eukaryotic = defined nucleus (double membrane) containing multiple linear chromosomes of DNA

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4
Q

Why are prokaryotic cells simpler than eukaryotic cells?

A

They lack the membrane bound organelles and compartmentalisation

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5
Q

What is the role of the plasma membrane?

A
  • Structural support
  • Protection of contents
  • Control of nutrient and waste transport via transporters and channels
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6
Q

What are flagella?

A

Protein based structures that enable transport in prokaryotes (like a tail)

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7
Q

Can prokaryotes be multicellular?

A

No

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8
Q

What type of cells have mitochondria?

A

Eukaryotes ONLY

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9
Q

How do prokaryotes divide and reproduce?

A

Through asexual, binary fission

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10
Q

How do eukaryotic cells divide and reproduce?

A

Through mitosis or meiosis. Can be sexual or asexual

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11
Q

What is the plasma membrane and where is it found?

A
  • Outer cell casing
  • Semi-permeable barrier
  • Phospholipid bilayer
  • Found in all cells
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12
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A
  • Maintain cell life cycle
  • Produce RNA for protein synthesis
  • Regulate enzyme production
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13
Q

What is the structure of mitochondria and where is it found?

A
  • Large surface area of folded membrane
  • Eukaryotes ONLY
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14
Q

What is the main function of mitochondria?

A

Produce energy (ATP) for cellular active processes

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15
Q

What is endoplasmic reticulum and where is it found?

A
  • Network of flat sacs, either smooth or rough
  • Rough ER = ribosome bumps
  • Eukaryotes ONLY
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16
Q

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Lipid and carbohydrate synthesis

It also has more specialised functions in specific tissues.

17
Q

What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Protein synthesis as the ribosomes assist in the translation of RNA to proteins

18
Q

What does the golgi apparatus look like and where is it found?

A
  • Convoluted shape like a ribbon
  • Eukaryotes ONLY
19
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

Pack proteins received from the rough ER into vesicles ready for incorporation or exportation

20
Q

What is the centrosome and where is it found?

A
  • Two centrioles, cylindrical structures made of tubulin, found near the nuclear membrane
  • Animal cells ONLY
21
Q

What is the lysosome and where is it found?

A
  • small packages of enzymes with acidic environment
  • eukaryotes ONLY
22
Q

What is the role of the lysosome?

A

To break down unwanted proteins in the cell

23
Q

What is the role of a vacuole in an animal cell?

A

Small compartment usually used to store waste

24
Q

What is the role of the vacuole in a plant cell?

A

Large compartment that primarily hold water and provide structural support

25
Q

What is the role of chloroplast?

A
  • Site of photosynthesis
  • Uses sunlight, water and CO2 to form sugars and energy
  • In plants and algae
26
Q

What is the cytoskeleton, what is its function and where is it found?

A
  • Protein fibre network of microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments
  • Movement of these allows cell to change shape, divide, move or stabilise
  • Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes
27
Q

What is the role of the centrosome?

A

Organise cells for division, allowing the shape changes required and the correct division of chromosomes

28
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2

(plus light)

29
Q

Where does most photosynthesis occur?

A

In the leaves

30
Q

What makes chloroplasts green?

A

Chlorophyll

31
Q

What factors can affect photosynthesis?

A
  • Light availability
  • Light intensity
  • CO2 and water availability

GAMSAT 2024 (4 decks)

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