Bio test unit 7 Mitosis and Cancer

Question 1

Why do cells want to be small?

Answer 1

Big surface area to Volume Ratio. It is easy to move materials in and out of the cell across the plasma membrane.

Question 2

What happens when a cell becomes to large?

Answer 2

The cell will divide into 2 cells.

Question 3

What are the 2 new cells called?

Answer 3

Daughter Cells

Question 4

Do cells divide at different rates?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

How long does it take for Skin cells to divide?

Answer 5

2 weeks

Question 6

How long does it take for Red Blood Cells to divide?

Answer 6

4 months

Question 7

How long does it take for Liver Cells to Divide?

Answer 7

300-500 days

Question 8

How long does it take for Intestine Internal Lining to Divide?

Answer 8

4-5 days

Question 9

How long does it take Intestine Muscle and other tissue to divide?

Answer 9

16 years

Question 10

What is cell division?

Answer 10

The Process where a cell divides into 2 new daughter cells

Question 11

Do unicellular and multicellular organisms divide the same way?

Answer 11

NO

Question 12

what are properties of a unicellular organism?

Answer 12

1 cell
Prokaryotes
Bacteria

Question 13

what are properties of a multicellular organism?

Answer 13

Many Cells
Eukaryotes
Plants, animals, fungi

Question 14

Where is a prokaryotes DNA?

Answer 14

Floating in the Cytoplasm

Question 15

What’s it called when a prokaryote divides?

Answer 15

Binary Fission

Question 16

How does Binary Fission work?

Answer 16

The cell duplicates its DNA and the cell divides to form 2 new cells that are identical to the original cell.

Question 17

What is the order or binary Fission?

Answer 17

1. Cell elongates and DNA is replicated
2. Cell Wall and plasma membrane begin to divide
3. Cross-wall forms completely around divided DNA
4. Cells separate

Question 18

Where is the DNA in a Eukaryote?

Answer 18

Nucleus

Question 19

How is the DNA stored in the nucleus in a Eukaryote?

Answer 19

Wrapped into structures called chromatin and Chromosomes

Question 20

What is Chromatin?

Answer 20

Long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins

Question 21

Where is Chromatin Found?

Answer 21

In the Nucleus of cells

Question 22

When Chromatin wraps into structures what is it called?

Answer 22

Chromosomes

Question 23

What are chromosomes?

Answer 23

Structures that are packages in the DNA

Question 24

Where are chromosomes found?

Answer 24

Found in nucleus of cells

Question 25

What do chromosomes carry?

Answer 25

They carry genetic information to be passed from one generation to the next.

Question 26

What are body cells called?

Answer 26

Somatic cells

Question 27

How many chromosomes do Somatic cells have?

Answer 27

46 chromosomes 23 pairs

Question 28

What is a sister Chromatid?

Answer 28

The 2 halves of the chromosome

Question 29

What is a centrosome?

Answer 29

A structure that holds the 2 sister chromatids together.

Question 30

What is the Cell cycle?

Answer 30

A cycle of cell growth and division.

Question 31

What happens during the cell cycle?

Answer 31

The cell grows, prepares to divide, divides into 2 new daughter cells.

Question 32

What are the 2 major parts in the cell cycle?

Answer 32

Interphase and Mitosis

Question 33

What is Interphase?

Answer 33

a period of cell growth (DNA replication)

Question 34

What is mitosis?

Answer 34

A period of cell division

Question 35

A cell spends 90% of its life in what stage of the cell cycle

Answer 35

Interphase (21.5/24 hours)

Question 36

What are the 3 parts of interphase?

Answer 36

G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase

Question 37

What happens in G1 phase?

Answer 37

Cell grows and proteins are made

Question 38

What happens in S phase?

Answer 38

Cell copies (duplicates it as chromosomes and DNA are made

Question 39

What happens in G2 phase?

Answer 39

Cell prepares to divide

Question 40

What are the 4 phases of Mitosis?

Answer 40

Prophase, Metaphas, Anaphase, telophase (PMAT)

Question 41

What happens in Prophase?

Answer 41

-Chromatin coils up into visible chromosomes -nuclear membrane begins to disapear -centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell -spindle fibers begin to form.

Question 42

What is a centriole?

Answer 42

small circular structures that are attached to the spindle fibers.

Question 43

What is a spindle fiber?

Answer 43

Threadlike structures that attach to the chromosomes

Question 44

What happens in Metaphase?

Answer 44

-Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of the chromosomes -Chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell

Question 45

What happens in Anaphase?

Answer 45

Sister chromatids move towards opposite sides of the cell

Question 46

What happens in Telophase?

Answer 46

-nuclear membrane reforms -chromosomes begin to unwind -2 new cells start to form that are identical

Question 47

What happens in cytokinesis?

Answer 47

-Cytoplasm divides -occurs after telophase

Question 48

What can control cell growth?

Answer 48

Proteins found inside and outside the cell "direct" cells to speed up or slow down the cell cycle

Question 49

What are the proteins that speed up or slow down cell growth and division called?

Answer 49

Growth factors

Question 50

When would you want to increase cell growth and division?

Answer 50

Healing a wound Embryonic growth (growing a baby)

Question 51

What is cancer?

Answer 51

Uncontrolled cell division Mitosis out of control

Question 52

What causes uncontrolled cell divison?

Answer 52

Defects in the proteins that help the cell growth

Question 53

What are causes cancer

Answer 53

Smoking Chewing Tobacco Radiation exposure Other defective genes Chemical exposure

Question 54

What is Carcinogen?

Answer 54

Anything that causes cancer

Question 55

How do cancer cells spread?

Answer 55

Cancer cells form masses of tissue called tumors. The tumor blocks nutrients from reaching healthy cells.

Question 56

What is Metastasis?

Answer 56

A process where cancer enters the circulatory system and spreads to other parts of the body

Question 57

How does your body stop a cell from becoming cancerous?

Answer 57

During Interphase checkpoints they stop unhealthy cells from entering mitosis

Question 58

What is a non cancerous tumor called?

Answer 58

Benign (doesn't spread to other parts of the body)

Question 59

What is a harmful tumor called?

Answer 59

Malignant

Question 60

What is Apoptosis?

Answer 60

Programmed cell death

Question 61

Why does a cell destroy itself?

Answer 61

if it does not pass the checkpoint inspection during interphase