Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

bio exam 6 > bio test 6 > Flashcards

bio test 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what is biome

A

is one of the globe’s major ecosystem types, classified according to the
predominant vegetation (terrestrial biomes) and the physical environment
(aquatic biomes) present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is climate

A

the long-term, major weather conditions in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is climograph

A

plots the annual mean
temperature and precipitation for a particular
region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the following correctly ranks terrestrial biomes
from the highest average precipitation to the lowest?

A

Tropical forest > Temperate grassland > Desert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tropical Forests:

A

near Equator; high temps with low seasonality; high rainfall;
broadleaf evergreen or deciduous trees; highest animal diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Savannas

A

near Equator; high temps with more seasonality; low rainfall; scattered
trees, grasses, forbs, fire-adapted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chaparral

A

midlatitude coasts; cold temps with hot summers; low rainfall with high
seasonality; small trees and fire-adapted shrubs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tundra

A

the Arctic and very high mountaintops; very low temps; low to moderate
precipitation; mosses, grasses, forbs, lichens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Temperate Broadleaf Forests:

A

midlatitudes; cold winters and hot, humid summers;
moderate precipitation all year; deciduous trees in N. America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Temperate Grasslands, Deserts, and Northern Coniferous Forests

A

are three
terrestrial biomes common in New Mexico.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ectone

A

is an area of intergradation between biomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Photic zone:

A

sufficient light for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aphotic zone

A

little light can penetrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pelagic zone

A

open water column.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Benthic zone:

A

on the bottom, including
organic and inorganic sediments and the
benthos (community of organisms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Littoral zone

A

near shore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

limnetic zone

A

away from shore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

esturary

A

is the transition zone between rivers and the ocean.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

thermocline

A

is a narrow layer of abrupt
temperature change that separates warm,
upper layer from cold deep water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Oligotrophic lakes

A

are nutrient-poor and
oxygen-rich

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Eutrophic lakes

A

are nutrient-rich
and oxygen-poor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Microbiomes

A

can differ based on diet,
disease, age, host environment, host
phylogeny, and region of the body
(microclimate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Biodiversity

A

describes the total variety and
variability of life on Earth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Genetic diversity

A

comprises variation within individuals, within
populations, and between populations - the variation necessary for
adaptive evolution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Species diversity
includes the total number of species and their relative abundances in an ecosystem and across the biosphere.
26
Endangered species
are in danger of extinction throughout all or much of their ranges; threatened species are likely to become endangered in the near future.
27
Ecosystem diversity
describes the variety of ecosystems on Earth, including the interactions between organisms and their environments.
28
species diversity
in a community includes the total variety of different organisms present. It includes two components:
29
Species richness
is the number of different species in a community.
30
Relative abundance
is the proportion of individuals in the community represented by each species.
31
Species-area curves
describes the pattern that the larger the geographic area of a community, the more species it has
32
dispersal
of species can limit diversity in some areas (e.g., islands).
33
biogeography
the study of the geographic distributions of species and ecosystems across geographic space and geological time
34
cosmopolitan
distributions are wide-ranging
35
Endemic species
are found in one area and nowhere else in the world.
36
community science
Scientific research conducted by members of the public
37
iNaturalist
allows anyone with a smart phone to upload photos or audio of species observed in nature.
38
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Museums send specimen data to aggregators
39
Which is the largest terrestrial biome, mostly distributed at high latitudes, and characterized by low precipitation, cold winters, and trees such as pine, spruce, and fir?
Northern Coniferous Forest
40
primary producers
(autotrophs) ultimately support all other trophic levels.
41
detritus
nonliving organic material such as dead organisms and leaves.
42
Detritivores or decomposers
digest the dead materials and nutrients can be cycled back to producers or consumers
43
biophilia
hypothesis says humans have a sense of connection to nature and all forms of life.
44
Ecosystem services
include all processes through which natural ecosystems help sustain human life
45
Bioremediation
involves using organisms such as prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to detoxify polluted ecosystems by removing harmful substances.
46
Biological augmentation
uses organisms to add essential materials to degraded ecosystems.
47
law of conservation of mass
states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
48
biogeochemical cycle
describes the path an element takes as it moves between abiotic and biotic components
49
decomposers
is controlled by temperature, moisture, and nutrients.
50
nitrogen fixation
in which N 2 is converted to biologically usable forms (NH 4+, NO 3-) by fungi and bacteria
51
Nitrification
is the conversion of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate
52
Denitrification
is the conversion of nitrite and nitrate into N 2
53
eutrophication
a process in which nutrient concentrations increase and cause increased growth of algae and cyanobacteria.
54
The human actions of burning fossil fuels and producing fertilizers have had major effects on which global biogeochemical cycles?
carbon and nitrogen
55
Trace fossils
preserve the evidence of life, but not the organism itself (e.g., footprints, burrows)
56
Radiometric dating
is used to determine the age of rocks or fossils by measuring the abundance of radioactive isotopes.
57
Half-life:
time required for 50% of the isotope to decay. Isotopes with known rates of decay are used to date fossils or rocks
58
geologic record
is a standard time scale dividing Earth’s history into four eons and further subdivisions.
59
The last half billion years of Earth’s history is referred to as the...
Phanerozoic Eon
60
speciation rate
(number of species produced in a time interval, also called origination)
61
extinction rate
number of species lost in time interval)
62
The fate of each group of organisms is influenced by
plate tectonics, mass extinctions, and adaptive radiations.
63
mass extinctions
are defined when large numbers of species become extinct worldwide at a rate exceeding the typical average rate
64
adaptive radiations
in which a group diversifies to fill empty niches.
65
Cambrian Explosion
a sudden increase in diversity of lifeforms, including the first appearance of all modern animal phyla.
66
Anthropocene
has been proposed as a new geological epoch that highlights the significant impacts humans are having on Earth.
67
approximately how many species have been described globally?
1.5 million
68
examples of ecosystem servces
-purify air and water -detoxify and decomposes -control pests -pollinate crops
69
what is the goal of restoration ecology
To speed up ecosystem recovery and try to bring back natural ecological processes
70
what are the components of climate
-temperature -precipitation -sunlight -wind
71
what technique is used to establish actual ages in the fossil record
radiometric dating
72
reasons that the fossil record is biased or incomplete
-were abundant -had hard shells or skeletons -died in right conditions to be preserved
73
hadean eon
-water brought from asteroids and comes begins to accumulate - surface solidifies into plates sitting on top of magma, moving around via currents
74
archaean eon
-first fossil evidence of life. stromatolites are layered rocks formed by prokaryotes -oxygen producing bacteria our president an atmospheric oxygen begins to increas
75
Proterozoic eon
-oxygenation of the atmosphere leads to a shift from anaerobic to aerobic lifeforms -eukaryote life originated 1.8 billion years ago and becomes dominant
76
plate tectonics
Describes how currents are part of large fragments of earths crust floating on hot mantle below
77
continental drift
currents in mantle cause plates to move over
78
easterlies
east to west
79
westerlies
west to east

bio exam 6 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions