BIO Test 2

Question 1

Cell that has undergone Mitosis… (diploid or haploid)

Answer 1

Diploid

Question 2

Cell that has undergone Meiosis… (diploid or haploid)

Answer 2

Haploid

Question 3

Meiosis 1: Prophase 1

Answer 3

chromosomes condense, spindles form, nuclear envelope breaks

Question 4

Meiosis 1: Metaphase 1

Answer 4

chromosomes line up in center, spindle fibers attach

Question 5

Meiosis 1: Anaphase 1

Answer 5

homologues split apart

Question 6

Meiosis 1: Telophase 1

Answer 6

new nuclear envelope forms again, meiosis 2 starts

Question 7

Meiosis 2: Prophase 2

Answer 7

chromosomes condense and spindles form again

Question 8

Meiosis 2: Metaphase 2

Answer 8

sister chromatids line up

Question 9

Meiosis 2: Anaphase 2

Answer 9

sister chromatids detach and start moving apart

Question 10

Meiosis 2: Telophase 2

Answer 10

new nuclear envelopes form and cells detach

Question 11

Which part of Meiosis is similar to Mitosis

Answer 11

2

Question 12

Fertilization (diploid or haploid)

Answer 12

diploid

Question 13

Mitosis (diploid or haploid)

Answer 13

diploid

Question 14

Meiosis (diploid or haploid)

Answer 14

haploid

Question 15

Dude, Keep, Pregnant, Cows, Off, Fertile, Grazing, Soil

Answer 15

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 16

Rank

Answer 16

position in the hierarchy

Question 17

Taxon

Answer 17

a group at any rank

Question 18

Clade

Answer 18

a common ancestor and all its desents

Question 19

Node

Answer 19

a common ancestor

Question 20

Gene Expression

Answer 20

process by which genetic information flows from genes to protein and shows up as a phenotype

Question 21

Introns

Answer 21

noncoding DNA sequence

Question 22

cyclin

Answer 22

team up with enzymes to trigger events of the cell cycle and activate protein.

Question 23

S cyclin

Answer 23

triggers replication at origins of replication

Question 24

M cyclin

Answer 24

triggers mitosis in the cell and activates proteins needed to condense chromosomes, activate proteins that direct microtubule assembly

Question 25

p53

Answer 25

protein that stops the cell cycle if DNA is damaged (pauses at G1)

Question 26

proto-oncogens

Answer 26

promotes cell division (gas pedal)

Question 27

oncogens

Answer 27

mutated version of oncogen, gene causes cancer

Question 28

Tumor supressors

Answer 28

slow down cell division (brakes)

Question 29

genome maintenance genes

Answer 29

repair proteins

Question 30

mitotic inhibitor

Answer 30

blocks mitosis by disrupting microtubules

Question 31

DNA damage checkpoint

Answer 31

before S-phase because DNA can't be damaged when it is replicated

Question 32

DNA replication

Answer 32

at the end of G2

Question 33

Spindle assembly

Answer 33

before anaphase

Question 34

paclitaxel

Answer 34

stops cell division because microtubules won't shrink

Question 35

x-linked traits

Answer 35

shows the trait of whatever they have, cannot be carriers

Question 36

3 Parts of a Nucleotide

Answer 36

1. Sugar 2. Phosphate 3. Nitrogen Base

Question 37

DNA Helicase

Answer 37

an enzyme that unzips DNA strands. After it unwinds the double strand, the single strand is available for replication, transcription, translation

Question 38

DNA Polymeraase

Answer 38

enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. They are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create 2 identical strands.

Question 39

homology

Answer 39

similarity by common desent

Question 40

analogy

Answer 40

similarity by environment (ALWAYS misleading when used to develop phylogenic relationships)

Question 41

monophyletic

Answer 41

organisms descended from a single taxon

Question 42

Principle of Segregation

Answer 42

all offspring get something different to make sure each gamete has different DNA

Question 43

Genome Maintenance Genes

Answer 43

includes genes that encode proteins involved with DNA repair

Question 44

systematics

Answer 44

the study and classification of organisms

Question 45

speciation

Answer 45

the formation of new species as a result of geographic, physiological, anatomical, and behavioral factors

Question 46

Gamete

Answer 46

egg and sperm

Question 47

nondisjunction

Answer 47

the failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into daughter cells at division

Question 48

chemosynthesis

Answer 48

the synthesis of organic compounds within an organism, with chemical reactions providing the energy source

Question 49

horizontal gene transfer

Answer 49

the movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or multicellular organisms

Question 50

binary fission

Answer 50

asexual reproduction. Parent cells split into 2 halves

Question 51

cell theory

Answer 51

all living things are made of 1 or more cells and the cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 52

monophyletic

Answer 52

organisms descended from a single taxon

Question 53

heterotrophs

Answer 53

an organism that gets its food from the environment

Question 54

autotrophs

Answer 54

organisms that make their own food

Question 55

symbiosis

Answer 55

the living together of 2 dissimilar organisms

Question 56

Cell cycle

Answer 56

(interphase- G1, S, G2) (mitosis)

Question 57

Population

Answer 57

A group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time

Question 58

crossing over occurs in which phase of Meiosis

Answer 58

prophase 1

Question 59

Protists

Answer 59

eukaryotes that are NOT animals, plants, or fungi. Simple, unicellular, mostly aquatic and diverse

Question 60

Endosymbiosis

Answer 60

theory behind where cells come from, primitive eukaryote eats a prokaryote but can't digest it, forming the mitochondria.

Question 61

Origin of earth

Answer 61

4.6 billion years ago