Bio Test 2 Flashcards
Telomerase
-Enzyme that adds telomeres to the end of chromosomes
-Addresses the maintenance of length of chromosomes ends, during DNA replication
-Only Eukaryotes
In DNA, adenine always pairs with_________ and guanine always pairs with ________.
thymine, cytosine
Complementary base pairing-
(Critical for DNA replication and Gene Expression)
Pattern of base-pairing which means that although the strands are not identical, they each can be used to specify the other by base-pairing.
If on sequence strand is ATGC, the complementary strand sequence must be TACG
DNA Ligase
Enzyme that connects pieces of DNA
Prokaryotes
Often use genes together in operons
Eukaryotic
mRNAs generally have a cap poly-A tail
Differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes for transcription and translation are:
They are similar enzymes that carry out the processes
Alternative splicing
In eukaryotes, a single primary transcript can be spiced into different mRNAs by joining different sets of exon
Transcription
Process of making RNA from the information in DNA.
Translation
Process of making protein from the information in RNA.
In transcription,
RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template to make RNA. The RNA is a polymer of ribonucleotides.
In translation,
The ribosome uses RNA as a template to make protein. Protein is a polymer of amino acids.
Universal nature of genetic code
Allows transgenesis to work
Cells of organisms
Of different species interpret genetic information identicallly
Genetic code
Used to decipher the information in a gene is the same code used in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.
(Slightly minor variations between the genetic codes)
