Bio Test

Question 1

How nutrients are processed in the body?

Answer 1

The digestive system breaks down food we eat to its simplest form like glucose and amino acids, they are then carried to each cell in our bodies through the bloodstream and small intestine.

Question 2

How does the body transport and process oxygen and wastes?

Answer 2

The circulatory system delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste.

Question 3

How does the body coordinate movement and respond to stimuli?

Answer 3

The nervous system takes in information through our senses, processes information and triggers reactions.

Question 4

Positive and negative feedback loops (example)

Answer 4

Negative feedback; A response triggered by a change in conditions, it works to reverse the change and restore homeostasis. An example of negative feedback is your body temperature increases which triggers you skin blood vessels dilate and then body temperature decreases and homeostasis is restored.
Positive feedback; A response triggered by changing conditions, it moves the variable futher away from its steady course/homeostasis. An example of positive feedback is childbirth. Contractions are stimulated by oxytocin then the baby moves towards cervix and then more oxytocin is released the response being further away from homeostasis.

Question 5

Thermoregulation

Answer 5

The maintenance of body temperatures within a range that enables cells to function effectively

Question 6

Blood sugar regulation

Answer 6

Insilin is the main regulator of sugar in the bloodstream.

Question 7

Childbirth (labor)

Answer 7

Childbirth is an example of a positive feedback because it forces the body the change and move away from homeostasis. Negative feedback is also involved because the body returns to homeostasis after the person has given birth.

Question 8

How do feedback mechanisms help maintain homeostasis?

Answer 8

The feedback mechanisms reverse a change in conditions maintaining a steady state if something goes up the feedback system will bring it back to normal and maintain homeostasis.

Question 9

Homer-ostasis

Answer 9

In Homer-ostasis we had to act like the negative feedback system and maintain Homer’s homeostasis. We had to maintain the temperature and color of Homer’s “body fluids” and we poked holes in him and had to try to maintain the amount of fluids as well. If homeostasis wasn’t maintained Homer would eventually die.

Question 10

Why is it important that the body systems are kept in balance?

Answer 10

Your body depends on a certain amount of liquids, certain body temp, blood pressure, and many other variables if these get too high or too low it can cause serious problems. If your body systems aren’t balanced you could get very sick or you could have permanent damage to a part of your body you could also even die.

Question 11

Phosphate heads

Answer 11

The Hydrophilic heads face outwards towards the fluid outside of the cell. They face towards the fluid because Hydrophilic means “loves” water.

Question 12

Lipids tails

Answer 12

The Hydrophobic tails face inwards inside the phospholipid bilayer away from the fluids. They face inwards because Hydrophobic means “hates water”

Question 13

Transport protein channels

Answer 13

The transport channels act like a pore in the membrane that lets water molecules or small ions through quickly.

Question 14

Hydrophilic region

Answer 14

The hydrophilic region is the outside of the membrane with the heads facing outwards with the fluids.

Question 15

Hydrophobic region

Answer 15

The hydrophobic region is the inside of the membrane with the tails facing inwards away from the fluids outside.

Question 16

Semi-permeable membrane

Answer 16

A thin layer of membrane with small pores that only allow certain molecules to pass through them more easily than others. These molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 17

Movement of Material

Answer 17

Mechanisms like passive transport and diffusion can be used to move materials without using energy and active transport can also be used while using energy.

Question 18

Passive transport

Answer 18

Passive transport is a type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes.

Question 19

Diffusion

Answer 19

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Question 20

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 20

The transport of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of a transport molecule.

Question 21

Protein channel

Answer 21

Channel proteins are made from amino acid chains, and the specific sequence of amino acids will determine which molecules a channel can transport.

Question 22

Osmosis

Answer 22

Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides

Question 23

Tonicity

Answer 23

Tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient; the water potential of two solutions separated by a partially-permeable cell membrane.

Question 24

Hypertonic

Answer 24

Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid.

Question 25

Hypotonic

Answer 25

Having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid.

Question 26

Isotonic

Answer 26

Having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution.

Question 27

Active transport

Answer 27

The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

Question 28

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 28

The plasma membrane, or the cell membrane, provides protection for a cell.

Question 29

What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?

Answer 29

Small nonpolar molecules, such as O2 and CO2

Question 30

Once equilibrium is reached, will molecules continue to move across the membrane?

Answer 30

The Molecules will be at equilibrium and will move across the membrane in both directions.

Question 31

Why will an animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water burst?

Answer 31

An animal cell that is surrounded by freshwater will burst because the osmotic pressure will cause the cell to burst. The level of solutes inside of the cell is more than those outside of the cell. An area of high concentration goes into an area of low concentration.

Question 32

How do facilitated diffusion and active transport differ?

Answer 32

Facilitated diffusion occurs along a concentration gradient from high concentration to low concentration and does not require energy, while active transport from low concentration to high concentration occurs against the concentration gradient and requires energy.

Question 33

Is pouring salt on the ground around plants an effective method to kill them?

Answer 33

Yes because it will absorb all the water and the plant cells will shrivel and die. An area of high concentration goes to an area of low conentration.

Question 34

What happens to a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 34

A cell placed into a hypertonic solution will shrivel and die because O to E an area of high concentration goes into an area of low concentration.

Question 35

The beaker contains distilled (100%) water and iodine. Submerged in the solution is a sealed dialysis bag (membrane) filled with a solution. The ingredients of the solution are listed. The permeability of the bag is similar to the permeability of a cell membrane, where water and iodine are permeable.

Answer 35

The Dialysis bag will swell and grow in size because and area of high concentration (the beaker of water) will go into an area of low concentration (the dialysis bag)