BIO test 10 Flashcards
Gram positive includes
- A capsule
-Thick peptidoglycan layer
-Purple stain
-No outer membrane
-Has Exotoxin
-NO LPS layer/ Endotoxin
-Has Teichoic acids
Gram negative includes
-A capsule
-Thin peptidoglycan layer
-Pink stain
-An outer membrane
-Has Exotoxin
-Has LPS layer/Endotoxin
-No teichoic acids
What are some protease enzymes
(protease are proteins that break down proetin into amino acids)
trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase.
What are some carbohydrate enzymes
amylases, invertases, inulinases, galactosidases, glucosidases, fructosyltransferases, pectinases and glucosyltransferases.
nitrogen fixation in which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into ammonia and ammonium by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in
legume root nodules
the formation of new species, speciation, due to reproductive isolation resulting from a geographic barrier.
Allopatric speciation
occurs without geographic barriers. Instead, reproductive isolation occurs by other mechanism
Sympatric speciation
primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?
Glutamate and aspartate
inhibitory neurotransmitters include
GABA – in contrast to glutamate is a MAJOR INHIBITORY neurotransmitter in the brain
Serotonin – plays many roles including memory and mood
Dopamine – plays a role in reward-motivated behavior
Glycine – participates in the processing of motor and sensory information that permits movement, vision, and audio
consists of regions of condensed DNA, RNA, and proteins that serve to manufacture ribosomal subunits,
Nucleolus
What is the site of eukaryotic ribosome synthesis?
Nucleolus
Bacterial Diseases
◦ Gingivitis
◦ Gonorrhea
◦ Lyme disease
◦ Tuberculosis
Fungal diseases
Athletes Foot
Viral diseases
◦ AIDS (HIV)
◦ Chicken Pox
◦ Influenza (Influenza virus)
◦ Polio (Poliovirus)
◦ West Nile (West Nile virus)
◦ SARS (SARS virus)
Protozoa Infections
Malaria
is the lining of the uterus
endometrium
The endometrium is a mucous membrane that thickens during the menstrual cycle. Where in the reproductive system would this thickened layer be found?
Uterus
Which of the following best describes the tertiary structure of a protein?
The polypeptide chain folding and interacting with itself through hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions
the event when a gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. Autism is an example of ________, and it affects communication efficacy, behavioral issues, and other traits.
pleiotropy
effect of one gene is dependent on the presence of one or more modifier genes. Pigmentation in mice is an example of ________.
epistasis
asexual reproduction of an ovum without egg fertilization
Parthenogenesis
a form of asexual reproduction in which an organism is split into fragments
fragmentation
the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts to separate entities resembling the original.
fission
form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from some generative anatomical point of the parent organism.
Budding
The portion of an allele that codes for a protein product is found where in a gene?
reading frame
The presence of cyanobacteria in the early Earth allowed for the emergence of which of the following?
aerobic organisms
Cyanbacteria produce
oxygen
Which molecules are created as a result of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis?
NADPH, O2
