Bio Terminology: Word Wall Flashcards
Alternation of Generation
The alternation of a sexual phase and an asexual phase of a plant/organism
Haploid
A single set of chromosomes in a cell
Diploid
Two sets of chromosomes in a cell
Gamete
Another term for sex cells
Name of male gamete
Sperm
Name of female gamete
Egg
Sporophyte
A diploid spore-making plant
Gametophyte
A gamete-making plant
Pyrenoid
Structure associated with chloroplasts of some simple plants specializing in converting sugar into starch for storage.
Mitosis
The process of a parent cell splitting into GENETICALLY identical daughter cells.
(eg: skin repair)
Meiosis
Reduction division; the process used in the creation of gametes.
[NOTE: the diploid (2N) cell becomes haploid (N)]
Zygote
The fusion of two different-sex gametes, resulting in a diploid cell/fertilization.
Roots
Structures tracheophytes (vascular plants) possess to absorb water and nutrients.
Stems
Holds up the plant, bears fruit, leaves and flowers, and contains vascular tissue.
Leaves
Plant “organ” responsible/specialized for photosynthesis
Diffusion
The movement of anything from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
Sporangia/Sporangium (singular vs plural)
Spore-producing structure found in many simple plants and algae
Gametangia/Gametangium (singular vs plural)
Gamete-producing organ in plants and algae. Does not “flourish” until conditions are good.
Zoospores
A motil (can move on its own) asexual spore that uses a flagellum for locomotion
Stomata/Stoma
Pore-like opening on the underside of leaves for gas exchanges and water evaporation.
Cuticle
Waxy layer on the topside of a leaf to prevent water loss.
Xylem
Vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals. Also provides physical support.
Phloem
Vascular tissue that transports the products of photosynthesis.
Rhizoid
Tiny root-like structures which anchor non-vascular plants or parts of plants (such as moss and fern gametophytes) to the ground.
Rhizome
Horizontal underground plant stem capable of producing the shoot and root systems of a new plant. Used to store starches and proteins. Enables plants to survive an annual unfavorable season underground.
Frond
A branch-like structure part of a fern’s sporophyte
Holdfast
Algae anchoring structure
Stipe
Stem-like structures of algae (like the “trunk” of a plant)
Blade
Photosynthetic structures of algae
Air Bladder
Device used by algae to help it float (also helps them exchange gasses and absorbed nutrients?)
Flagella
Long protein extensions from cells used for movement
Cilia
Microscopic protein structures to help an organism move.
Zygospores
Sexually produced reproductive body
Conjugation Tube
Tube that allows gametes to move through and fuse with the other gamete
Filament
Thread-like structure (Spirogyra has a filamentous shape)
Colonial
Living as a colony. Volvox is an example of COLONIAL algae.
Unicellular
Single-celled
Syngamy/Fertilization
Process of the union of two gametes for the generation of a zygote
Heterogamete
Gametes produced are different???? [BEST DEFINITION STILL UNCLEAR; WILL ASK TEACHER]
Homogamete/Isogamete
Gametes produced are the same???? [BEST DEFINITION STILL UNCLEAR; WILL ASK TEACHER]
Archegonium
Female reproductive organ on tip of fern and moss gametophytes
Antheridium
Male reproductive organ on tip of on fern and moss gametophytes
Calyptra/Capsule
a maternal organ covering the moss sporophyte
Seta/Stalk
Stalk supporting the capsule of a moss
Protonema
a branched threadlike structure that grows from a (moss?) spore and eventually becomes the moss plant.
Germination
To grow (seed or spore)
Sori/Sorus
Tiny dots on the backside of a fern frond. Used for asexual reproduction.
Prothalium
Product of a germinating fern spore
Fuxoxanthin
Pigment molecules in brown algae
Laminarin
A storage glucan found in brown algae
Phycobilins
Light-capturing bilins found in chloroplasts of red algae
Annulus
Arc or a ring of specialized cells on the sporangium
Stalk
Main stem of a (vascular) plant/gametophyte (?)
Microgametophyte
Is what becomes of a microspore (pollen).
Megagametophyte
Is what becomes of a megaspore (egg sack)
Ovule
flower ovary/ovarian structure in angiosperms in which several ova (eggs) will develop
Megaspore
The female gamete which develops into a megagametophyte. (this is the embryo sac in seed plants which contains the egg)
Microspore
The male gamete which develops into a microgametophyte. In seed plants this is pollen.
