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Advanced Optometry > BIO Technique > Flashcards

BIO Technique Flashcards

1
Q

Red free filter on BIO differentiates retinal from choroidal lesions but decreases visibility of

A

The choroid, and may enhance visibility of the retina

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2
Q

Cobalt blue filter on BIO

A

Auto fluorescence of OHN drusen

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3
Q

Yellow filter on BIO decreases risk of

A

Phototoxicity/ less photophobia , less glare

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4
Q

When you turn in BIO make sure you set

A

Rheostat to about 50%

Set mydriatic pupil setting to maximum dilated

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5
Q

How to do BIO on small pupil (4)

A
  • increase power of lens
  • increase WD
  • decrease instrument PD
  • decrease separation between viewing beams and illumination beam
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6
Q

You maybe adjust mirror height during BIO to

A

Maintain binocularity and fit the light beam through the slit like aperture if the oblique pupil

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7
Q

If diplopia is encountered during BIO you could adjust (4)

A
  • PD
  • headband
  • increase WD
  • relax accommodation
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8
Q

Adjust IPD ____ until the object is centered in the field of view

A

Monocularly

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9
Q

20D condensing lens is a good balance between

A

Mag and FOV

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10
Q

Higher power lenses offer ___ FOV

A

Greater FOV

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11
Q

Higher power lenses can aid w/examination through ____ pupils

A

Small pupils

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12
Q

Silver edge in condensing lens points

A

Away from observer

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13
Q

Yellow condensing lenses are helpful for

A

Decrease blue light hazard
Reduces pt discomfort
( can miss ONH color)

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14
Q

BIO on seated pt is possible but

A

Will hinder examination of the periphery

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15
Q

When pt is reclined for BIO adjust their height to

A

Waist high or slightly lower

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16
Q

Position of pt best for most views

A

Reclined in primary position

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17
Q

Holding the condensing lens

A

The extended 3rd finger hold the pts lid and acts as a pivot that allows us to tilt lens

Do not rest your hand on more than a single finger

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18
Q

As the condensing lens is gradually moved away from the pts eye, the pupil becomes

A

Magnified until it fills the entire area of the lens

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19
Q

If the condensing lens is moved too close to the iris

A

The peripheral fundus will not be illuminated

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20
Q

If the condensing lens is moved too far from the patients eye

A

Light from the peripheral retina will not reach the observers eye

21
Q

How does WD affect magnification

A

Decrease in WD, increases magnification

22
Q

WD that’s too short will produce

A

Difficulties with accommodation, convergence, and possibly diplopia

23
Q

Excessive tilting of the lens will induce

A

Cylinder that will distort the fundus image

24
Q

Entire periphery may be inspected by examining __ meridians using a __ lens. How are you supposed to scan the meridians?

A

8 meridians
20D lens
Radially from posterior to the equator out to the anterior limit of the fundus

25
Q

Landmarks from center to periphery?

A

Equator -> ora serrated -> pars plans

26
Q

Absorption of UV light ___ with age

A

Increases

27
Q

How much UVR reaches retina

A

Almost no UVR
Cornea absorbs UVR
Lens UVB + UVA

28
Q

Photothermal AKA

A

Photocoagulation

Light generates temp increase of 10 degrees above body temp

29
Q

Photochemical aka

A

Photic injury

Visible light linitiates non thermal, non mechanical damage, probably by generation of free radicals

30
Q

Photo mechanical aka

A

Photodisruption

Mechanically disrupted by acoustic transient and gaseous formation

31
Q

Photochemical damage is associated with

A

Longer exposure and extreme wavelength (short wavelength)

32
Q

A more heavily pigmented iris will ___ retinal irradiance, ___ photic injury

A

Decrease

Decrease

33
Q

Greater photochemical damage occurs in ____ state

A

Dark adapted

34
Q

Higher levels of macular pigment, usually associated with higher dietary intake of the carotenoids

A

Lutein and zeaxanthin, believed to be more protective

35
Q

Factors affecting risk of photochemical damage

A 
Location of retina 
Macular pigment optical density 
Iris pigmentation 
Dark adaptation state 
Phasing state 
Preexisting disease
36
Q

Photochemical damge in aphasia

A

Higher risk

Possible protective effect of blue blocker IOLs

37
Q

Physical factors of light that are cause risk

A

Shorter wavelength of visible light
Higher intensity
Continuous exposure

38
Q

A thermally enhanced photo toxic reaction at the outer retina and RPE associated with sun gazing

A

Thermally enhanced photo toxic reaction

39
Q

Symptoms of maculopathy

A 
Decrease vas 
Central scotoma 
Metamorphosia 
Micropsia 
Dyschromatopsia
40
Q

In solar maculophathy acute phase, there’s usually a smal yellowish fovea lesion which usually

A

Fades after 2 weeks and is replaced by small multifaceted outer retinal hole w a pigment halo

41
Q

Slit lamp vs BIO retinal irradiance

A

Slit lamp causes 2-3 times greater retinal irradiance than BIO

42
Q

Use of a yellow lens during BIO increased safe periods by

A

Factor of 20 to about an hour

43
Q

Retinal irradiance vs lens power

A

Retinal irradiance decreases with increased lens power

44
Q

There are numerous reports of retinal light injury caused by operating microscopes during cataract and virectomy surgery

A

True

45
Q

20D lens provides an ___ FOV

A

8DD field of view

46
Q

Lesions that are more peripheral in the fundus are

A

More anterior in the eye

47
Q

What’s at the center of fundus drawings

A

Fovea

48
Q

For scleral depression the tip is places

A

On horizontal fold which is the tarsal plate

49
Q

During scleral depression do not

A

Lift handle of inventor any more than necessary to accommodate the condensing lens

Slide it laterally and move it more posteriorly

Advanced Optometry (5 decks)

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