Bio Review Cards

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

Maintaining internal stability despite environment.

Question 2

What do vacuoles do?

Answer 2

Store waste and water

Question 3

What are contractile vacuoles?

Answer 3

They pump out extra water when too much water moves during osmosis (more water on the outside)

Question 4

What are organic molecules examples?

Answer 4

Carbs (Starch), Proteins, Lipids (Fats), Nucleic Acids (DNA)

Question 5

What does being an organic molecule mean?

Answer 5

They contain carbon and hydrogen

Question 6

What does being an inorganic molecule mean?

Answer 6

They have any combination of elements

Question 7

What are examples of inorganic molecules?

Answer 7

Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, Water and Ammonia

Question 8

What is metabolism?

Answer 8

Combination of all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism. These reactions require enzymes.

Question 9

What are ribosomes?

Answer 9

Where proteins are made. They’re located in the rough ER and Cytoplasm.

Question 10

Where is the mitochondrion found?

Answer 10

Animal and plant cells.

Question 11

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 11

Where photosynthesis happens, and only in plant cells

Question 12

What is the order (least complex to most complex) for the organization of living things (humans)?

Answer 12

Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

Question 13

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 13

Controls what enters and exits (included in excretion) - and also recognizes chemical signals between the cells

Question 14

What is diffusion?

Answer 14

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration - no ATP is required

Question 15

What is osmosis?

Answer 15

Diffusion of water from high water to low water - causes dehydration, such as what happens when eating salt

Question 16

What is active transport?

Answer 16

Substances moving from low to high - requires ATP

Question 17

What are enzymes used for?

Answer 17

For all chemical reactions in a cell (synthesis, excretion, respiration, etc.)

Question 18

Facts about enzymes…

Answer 18

Shapes of enzymes are very specific and enzymes and substrates fit together - enzymes work best in specific temperatures and pH levels

Question 19

What is negative vs positive feedback?

Answer 19

Negative = up and down, trying to even out and regulate
Positive = working to get something done (childbirth)

Question 20

What are pathogens?

Answer 20

They’re viruses and bacteria

Question 21

What are antigens?

Answer 21

Proteins that are on the surface of pathogens

Question 22

What are antibodies?

Answer 22

Proteins that attack invaders (disease / threats) by fitting exactly with the pathogen’s antigen

Question 23

What are gametes?

Answer 23

Sperm and egg - they half half the number of chromosomes as a zygote

Question 24

What is a zygote?

Answer 24

A diploid cell that came from the fusion of two haploid gametes

Question 25

What is a haploid?

Answer 25

A single-set of unpaired chromosomes

Question 26

What is a diploid?

Answer 26

Having two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

Question 27

What is mitosis?

Answer 27

- Asexual reproduction - One cell division (1 → 2) - One parent cell divides to create identical daughter cells - Genetic makeup of offspring is identical to the parent - Used to create identical cells, for growth and repair

Question 28

What is meiosis?

Answer 28

- Sexual reproduction - Two cell divisions (1 → 4) - Gametes are formed, which have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell - Only happens in ovaries and testes - Genetic makeup of offspring are varied from the parent - Function is to produce sex cells (gametes) with haploid chromosomes

Question 29

What is differentiation?

Answer 29

Transforming developing cells into specialized cells with different structures and functions - tissues are specialized groups of cells

Question 30

What happens in the ovaries?

Answer 30

Eggs are produced here. The ovaries also secrete estrogen and progesterone

Question 31

What happens in the uterus?

Answer 31

The fetus develops here

Question 32

What does the placenta do?

Answer 32

It gives nutrients and oxygen to the fetus and also removes waste from the fetus

Question 33

What is a karyotype?

Answer 33

A visual map of chromosomes

Question 34

What is the independent variable?

Answer 34

The one thing that changes when setting up the experiment (such as age, sunlight, temperature), aka the cause

Question 35

What is the dependent variable?

Answer 35

The data collected throughout the experiment - aka, the effect of the independent variable (plant growth is an example)

Question 36

What is the control group?

Answer 36

The group under normal conditions, often used for comparison purposes

Question 37

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

Answer 37

Simple sugars (glucose)

Question 38

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 38

Amino acids

Question 39

What are the building blocks of lipids?

Answer 39

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 40

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

Answer 40

Nucleotides

Question 41

What organelle extracts energy from food?

Answer 41

Mitochondrion

Question 42

What organelle creates energy from carbohydrates?

Answer 42

Mitochondrion

Question 43

What organelle creates ATP?

Answer 43

Mitochondrion

Question 44

What organelle creates carbohydrates?

Answer 44

Chloroplast

Question 45

What organelle creates organic molecules from inorganic molecules?

Answer 45

Chloroplast

Question 46

What is the correct DNA, Nucleus, Cell, Chromosome order?

Answer 46

DNA, Chromosome, Nucleus, Cell

Question 47

Can starch diffuse across a cell membrane? Why or why not?

Answer 47

No, it is too big

Question 48

Which types of molecules can diffuse across a cell membrane?

Answer 48

Small, non polar molecules

Question 49

What direction does water diffuse?

Answer 49

From high water concentration to low water concentration

Question 50

Does diffusion require energy?

Answer 50

No

Question 51

Does active transport require energy?

Answer 51

Yes