Bio review

Question 1

phosphodiester linkages

Answer 1

bonds that connect nucleotides in DNA and RNA

Question 2

nucleoside

Answer 2

nitrogenous base linked to the 1′ carbon of sugar

Question 3

purines

Answer 3

adenine and guanine (in DNA AND RNA)

Question 4

pyrimidines

Answer 4

cytosine, thymine, uracil (C & T in DNA, C & U in RNA)

Question 4

nitrogenous bases

Answer 4

nitrogen-containing ring structure, purines, and pyrimidines

Question 5

nucleotide

Answer 5

subunit of nucleic acids, formed from a 5-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base (nucleoside) and a phosphate group

Question 6

denaturation

Answer 6

the process by which a protein becomes biologically inactive by losing its native shape due to changes in its environment

Question 7

nitrogenous bases

Answer 7

nitrogen-containing ring structure, purines, and pyrimidines

Question 7

nucleotide

Answer 7

subunit of nucleic acids, formed from a 5-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base (nucleoside) and a phosphate group

Question 7

nucleic acids

Answer 7

complex biomolecules composed of nucleotides that store cellular information in the form of a code

Question 8

quaternary structure

Answer 8

the shape of a multi-subunit protein

Question 8

tertiary structure

Answer 8

overall shape of polypeptide resulting from interactions between side chains of amino acids

Question 9

secondary structure

Answer 9

coils and folds that make up a protein’s overall shape as a result of hydrogen bonds between polypeptide backbone

Question 10

primary structure

Answer 10

the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

Question 11

chaperonin

Answer 11

a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins