Bio Regs Final Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of radiation?

A
  • Alpha: particles consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. carries a positive charge, barely able to penetrate skin. (can be stopped by a sheet of paper). east to protect against.

*Beta: fast moving electrons ejected from nucleus. More penetrating than Alpha (can be stopped by book or human tissue)

*Gamma: emitted immediately after ejection of alpha or beta particles. High energy photons. Very penetrating (can pass through human body but mostly absorbed by dense materials such as concrete). difficult to protect against

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2
Q

Explain Ionizing vs Non-Ionizing radiation

A

most atoms have equal protons and electrons so = neutral charge

non-ionizing: low energy. does not cause change to atom
eg: radiowaves, microwaves

ionizing: high energy. can cause change in atoms = equally charged atoms = ions
eg: Uv light, a, B, G radiation, x rays

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3
Q

What are some effects of ionizing radiation?

A

production of free radicals, breaking of chemical bonds, damage to DNA, RNA, protein.

at low doses, cell can repair itself.
at high doses, cell death, cancer, birth defects

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4
Q

What is radioactive decay?

A

since the radioisotopes are unstable, they release energy until it becomes stable and non-radioactive.

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5
Q

What does half-life mean?

A

the amount of time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms to decay.

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6
Q

what is the trefoil?

A

the universal symbol for radiation. Warns of potential exposure to radiation

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7
Q

what are the two main ways people are exposed to radiation?

A

a) Natural sources: 80% of exposure includes things like soil, cosmic radiation, nuclides in tissue

b) Man-made sources: 20% of exposure. includes: medical x rays, consumer products (tobacco, tanning beds), nuclear medicine
-workers may have higher exposure: mine workers, reactor technicians, radiologists, lab workers

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8
Q

What are the Radiation Protection Principles?

A

As
Low
As
Reasonably
Achievable

(ALARA) -Dry work first. Practice with water

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9
Q

what are the three basic principles to achieve for protection for radiation workers?

A

1) Distance: stay as far away from source as possible
2) Time: decreased time near source decreases chance of exposure
3) Shielding: thick, dense shield around the source for less exposure

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10
Q

What is a Dosimeter?

A

device that workers wear who are routinely exposed to radioactive sources. It measures exposure

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11
Q

What is a Geiger counter?

A

Used to detect ionizing radiation in the lab during and after experiment to detect any contamination

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12
Q

what is a radioisotope?

A

in some isotopes, the # of protons and neutrons causes the atom to be unstable.
* in attempt to become stable, it releases energy in the form of radiation.

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13
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons (different mass)

eg: C has 6 protons and 6 neutrons = Carbon 12
6 protons and 8 neutrons = Carbon 14

Both C12 and C14 = isotopes of Carbon

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14
Q

What is radiation?

A

energy in the form of waves or streams of particles
eg: sound, visible light, UV radiation, IR, Radio & tv signals

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15
Q

What is the main method used to control radioactive materials employed by CNSC?

A

Licensing System

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16
Q

What federal and provincial agencies are involved in the control of radioactive materials?

A

Transport Canada
Health and Welfare Canada
Environment Canada
Ontario Ministry of Health
Ontario Ministry of Labour

17
Q

What are some examples of nuclear products in our everyday use?

A

Heating our homes
lab instruments
smoke detectors
treating illnesses

18
Q

Who regulates nuclear safety?

A

The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission

19
Q

what is a cosmetic?

A

substance manufactured for altering skin, hair teeth. includes deodorant & perfume

20
Q

are all personal care products cosmetic?

A

no depends on ingredients and claims

21
Q

who regulates cosmetics in canada?

A

federal government

22
Q

cosmetics sold in canada must:

A

be safe
be free of contaminants
be manufactured, stored and packed in sanitary conditions

23
Q

what labels are required on a cosmetic?

A

1) product identifier
2) directions for safe use
3) warnings
4) manufacturers name and address
5) net quantity
6) ingredients

24
Q

what is the Regional Product Safety Inspectors job?

A
  • monitor compliance
    *enforce law and regulations
  • take samples if suspected contaminationas
25
Q

what is ISO?

A

international organization for standardization
*worlds largest developer of standards
*non-gov organization

26
Q

what does ISO cover?

A

agriculture, construction, medical devices, transport etc

27
Q

why do stds matter?

A

ensures desirable characteristics of products/services (quality, env friendliness, reliable, safety, efficiency

28
Q

what is ISO 9000?

A

deals with quality management

29
Q

what is ISO 14000?

A

deals with environmental management

30
Q

who benefits from ISO?

A

1) Businesses: allows for competition
2) Innovators: speeds up development
3) Customers: choice of products
4) Government: provides legistlation

31
Q

ISO standards are…..

A

voluntary

32
Q

what is ISO 17025?

A

specifies requirements to carry out tests/calibrations, lab consistency

33
Q

in 1923, cannabis became ….in Canada
in 1961, Narcotics Control Act increased maximum …..
in 2001, legalization of
in 2018, the legalization of …

A

illegal
penalties
medical marijuana
recreational marijuana