Bio Quiz 3

Question 1

Trisomy 21

Answer 1

Extra chromosome on chromosome 21.

Flat face, eyes slant up, white spots in iris, excessive flexibility.

Question 2

Trisomy 18 (Edwards)

Answer 2

Rocker bottom feet, fingers overlap, clenched fist, low-set ears

Question 3

Trisomy 13 (Patau)

Answer 3

Absent eyebrows, undescended/abnormal testes, extra fingers, cleft lip and or palate.

Question 4

Klinefelters syndrome (XXY)

Answer 4

Small testes, lack of facial pubic underarm hair, breast tissue development, poor muscle development.

Question 5

Turners Syndrome

Answer 5

Soft nails that turn upwards, short stature, do not start puberty naturally, osteoporosis.

Question 6

Trisomic zygote

Answer 6

Extra chromosome, offspring sometimes survive.

Question 7

Monosomic zygote

Answer 7

Chromosome lacking, rarely survive

Question 8

What is non disjunction

Answer 8

The failure of homo chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis.

Question 9

What are the 4 abnormal chromosome structures?

Answer 9

Duplication, deletion, inversion, translocation.

Question 10

What is mitosis?

Answer 10

Reproduction section of a cell’s life.

Question 11

What happens in the G1 phase?

Answer 11

Cell grows, organelles double.

Question 12

What is checked at the G1 checkpoint?

Answer 12

Adequate size, nutrient availability is sufficient, growth factors are present.

Question 13

WhAt happens in the S phase?

Answer 13

DNA gets copied

Question 14

What happens in the G2 phase?

Answer 14

Checking if the cell is ready for division.

Question 15

What is checked at the G2 checkpoint?

Answer 15

Cell size is adequate, chromosome replication is successfully completed

Question 16

Locus

Answer 16

Specific locations on the chromosomes where genes are found.

Question 17

Genetics

Answer 17

Scientific study of Heredity and variation. (How things change and how things are passed on)

Question 18

Chromosome

Answer 18

Capsule containing DNA

Question 19

DNA

Answer 19

Genetic material found in the chromosome.

Question 20

Gene

Answer 20

Subunit on DNA. They are codes for particular traits.

Question 21

Sexual reproduction

Answer 21

The fusion of two sex cells from two parents. The genetic makeup of the offspring is different from either parent. Half of genetic material comes from each parent.

Question 22

Asexual reproduction

Answer 22

Offspring is produced from one parent not using sex cells (binary fission). Offspring is identical to parent.

Question 23

Gamete

Answer 23

Sex cell

Question 24

Fertilization

Answer 24

Fusion of gametes resulting Ina zygote.

Question 25

Zygote

Answer 25

A fertilized egg

Question 26

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 26

Matching pairs of chromosomes, similar in size and carrying info for same genes.

Question 27

Haploid

Answer 27

1 set of chromosomes

Question 28

Diploid

Answer 28

2 sets of chromosomes (2n)

Question 29

What stage of meiosis does crossing over happen in?

Answer 29

Metaphase 1

Question 30

What is crossing over?

Answer 30

Random switching and swapping of chromosomes.

Question 31

When does random assortment happen?

Answer 31

Metaphase 1.

Question 32

What is random/independent assortment?

Answer 32

Random different cells next to each other.

Question 33

What are the reasons why kids are different?

Answer 33

Crossing over and random assortment introduce genetic variation into offspring.

Question 34

What is oogensis?

Answer 34

The production of mature egg cells.

Question 35

What happens during oogenesis and spermatogenesis?

Answer 35

46–23 +23–23+23+23+23

Question 36

Why is oohensis different than speratogenesis?

Answer 36

One of the daughter cells receives most of the cytoplasm, the other 3 (polar bodies)die.