bio quiz 2 (2/1)

Question 1

According to the video The Cell Cycle and Cancer, what can be a basic definition of cancer?

Answer 1

Cancer is in part due to cells that devide too frequently; uncontrolled.

Question 2

According to the video The Cell Cycle and Cancer, which statement does not describe a reason a cell can become cancerous?

Answer 2

WHY a cell can become cancerous - genetic links, exposure to toxins, exposure to radiation, excessive exposure to UV light
- Anything else not listed doesn’t descibe a reason why a cell can become canerous

Question 3

According to the video The Cell Cycle and Cancer, what occurs during the G1/S checkpoint (what is the cell checking for)?

Answer 3

Checks if:
- The cell is growing well enough
- Its DNA is damaged
- The cell have the resources it needs if it were to keep moving on

Question 4

According to the video The Cell Cycle and Cancer, what occurs during the G2/M checkpoint (what is the cell checking for)?

Answer 4

Checks if:
- DNA was replicated properly in S phase, grouting well resources needed to continue

Question 5

According to the video The Cell Cycle and Cancer, what happens when a cell does not meet a requirement of any cell cycle checkpoint?

Answer 5

Apoptosis - the cell self destructs, ensuring that irreparable cells won’t divide

Question 6

According to the video The Cell Cycle and Cancer, what (or which component of a cell) is regulating mitosis?

Answer 6

Proteins

Question 7

According to the video The Cell Cycle and Cancer, what is the negative regular p53 responsible for?

Answer 7

Initiating apoptosis

Question 8

Which statement describes an irreversible step of the cell cycle once it begins (and the reason we have checkpoints)?

Answer 8

• replicate your DNA
• Not lined up properly /split your sister chromatids correctly

Question 9

The G1/S cell division checkpoint is the point during which ___________ (positive regulatory signals which are proteins that stimulate cell division) affect the cell cycle. For example, ____________ initiates an amplifying chain of internal cell signals that stimulate cell division. Fill in the blanks.

Answer 9

Growth Factors, PDGF

Question 10

What is the function of our p53 gene regarding the cell cycle?

Answer 10

P53 - monitors the integrity of DNA (sees if it’s damaged and helps to fix it)

Question 11

What is the (a) definition or (b) function of proto-oncogenes?

Answer 11

(A) - are normal cellular genes that become oncogenes when mutated
(B) - there is nothing to regulate the process and therefore cancer would begin to develop

Question 12

What is the (a) definition or (b) function of tumor-suppressing genes?

Answer 12

(A) tumor suppressor - normally act to inhibit the cell cycle
(B) - to suppress tumors

Question 13

According to the video Why We Haven’t Cured Cancer, what is the basic reason we have not simply found a “magic bullet” to curing all types of cancer?

Answer 13

Cancer isn’t a single disease

Question 14

According to the video Why We Haven’t Cured Cancer, what is the one thing all cancers have in common?

Answer 14

Uncontrolled cell division

Question 15

According to the video Why We Haven’t Cured Cancer, why might most cancer drugs not work for all patients with the same type of cancer?

Answer 15

There can be thousands of possible combinations of mutations in a cell

Question 16

According to the video Why We Haven’t Cured Cancer, even with the new discoveries in medicine, why can we not have personalized medicine currently?

Answer 16

Different conclusions can occur alarmingly often

Question 17

Which statement describes the research completed by Pierre-Joseph van Beneden (in 1887) that lead to a new biological discovery?

Answer 17

Found chromosomes in different types of cells

Question 18

Meiosis involves the production of ____________ (for example eggs and sperm) and mitosis involves the production of _____________ cells (i.e. body cells). Fill in the blanks.

Answer 18

gametes, somatic

Question 19

During the process of sexual reproduction, egg and sperm fuse to produce a single cell called a ______________. Fill in the blank.

Answer 19

zygote

Question 20

The fusion of gametes (one egg and one sperm) to form a new cell is called _____________ (i.e. fertilization). Fill in the blank.

Answer 20

syngamy

Question 21

According to the video The Cell Cycle and Cancer, what occurs during the spindle (M) checkpoint (what is the cell checking for)?

Answer 21

Check at metaphase to make sure the chromosomes (DNA) are lined up in the middle correctly and attached to the spindle correctly, if not the chromosomes will not be separated correctly