Bio Quiz

Question 1

What is binomial nomenclature

Answer 1

A system where organisms are named using two parts: the Genus and species.

Question 2

What is the hierarchy of taxonomy from the broadest to the most specific

Answer 2

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 3

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 3

Prokaryotic cells are smaller and more simple, and lack a membrane bound nucleus, while eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex with a membrane bound nucleus.

Question 4

What are the two main types of bacteria

Answer 4

Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

Question 5

How do bacteria reproduce

Answer 5

Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission

Question 6

What is the difference between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria

Answer 6

Gram positive bacteria absorb the crystal violet stain, while Gram negative bacteria do not and are typically more pathogenic

Question 7

What are the three types of autotrophs and heterotrophs in bacteria

Answer 7

Autotrophs: Photo autotrophs (use sunlight), Chemoautotrophs (use inorganic compounds).
Heterotrophs: Photo heterotrophs (use sunlight), Chemo heterotrophs (use organic molecules)

Question 8

What are the types of bacterial respiration

Answer 8

Aerobes (use oxygen), Obligate Aerobes (require oxygen), Anaerobes (killed by oxygen), Facultative Anaerobes (can survive with or without oxygen).

Question 9

What are methanogens, halophiles, and thermophiles

Answer 9

Methanogens: Bacteria that release methane and are anaerobic
Halophiles: Bacteria that live in very salty environments
Thermophiles: Bacteria that live in hot, acidic environments

Question 10

What are the stages of the lytic cycle in viruses

Answer 10

Virus lands on a host cell, injects its DNA/RNA, replicates using host machinery, assembles new viruses, and causes the host cell to lose (burst)

Question 11

What are lysogenic cycle in viruses

Answer 11

Viral DNA is integrated into the host DNA and can remain dormant until triggered, leading to the activation of the lytic cycle

Question 12

What is the difference between RNA viruses and retrovirus

Answer 12

RNA viruses immediately use their RNA to make viral proteins, while retroviruses first create DNA from their RNA, which integrates into the hosts DNA (example, HIV)

Question 13

What is natural selection according to Charles Darwin

Answer 13

It is the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce, passing on advantageous traits to offspring

Question 14

What are the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction

Answer 14

Asexual reproduction: single organism reproduces, creating genetically identical offspring
Sexual reproduction: two organisms mate, producing genetically diverse offspring through meiosis

Question 15

What is the purpose of binomial nomenclature, and how are the names formatted

Answer 15

The purpose is to give each species a now 2unique, standardized name that is recognized global,y. The name consists of two parts: the Genus and the species. Both parts are written in italics, and sometimes the genus can be abbreviated

Question 16

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of structure

Answer 16

Prokaryotic cells are smaller, simpler and lack a membrane bound nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells are larger, more complex, and have a membrane bound nucleus as well as other specialized organelles

Question 17

Explain how natural selection leads to adaption in a population overtime

Answer 17

Natural selection occurs when individuals with traits better suited to their environment survive longer and reproduce more than others. Over time, these advantageous traits become more common in the population, leading to adaption as the species evolves to better fit its environment.

Question 18

How does the lytic phase works, and how does it differ from the lysogenic phase

Answer 18

In the lytic phase, a virus attaches to a host cell, injects its genetic material, takes over the host’s machinery to replicate new viruses, and then causes the cell to burst (lyse), releasing the new viruses.

In the lysogenic phase, the viral DNA integrates into the host cell’s DNA and remains dormant for a period. The virus replicates along with the host cell’s DNA without harming the cell immediately. It can later enter the lytic phase, where active viral replication and cell destruction occur.

The key difference is that the lytic phase immediately destroys the host cell, while the lysogenic phase allows the virus to stay dormant within the host’s DNA before potentially becoming active.

Question 19

What are the three common shapes of bacteria

Answer 19

Coccus (spherical), Bacillus (rod shapes), Spirillum (spiral)

Question 20

What is the scientific name for the bacteria responsible for strep throat

Answer 20

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 21

What type of bacteria thrive in extreme environments, such as high salinity or high temperatures

Answer 21

Archaebacteria, such as halophiles (salt-loving) and thermophiles (heat-loving)

Question 22

Which bacterial kingdom includes the “true bacteria” found everywhere on Earth

Answer 22

King Eubacteria

Question 23

What is the name for the thick-walled protective structure some bacteria form to survive harsh conditions

Answer 23

Endospores