BIO QUIZ Flashcards
What is the Pathway that food takes through the digestive system?
Mouth → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum → anus!
What is the starting point for mechanical digestion?
The Mouth is the starting point of digestion.
What parts of the mouth do the mechanical digestion?
Teeth and tongue → break apart food
How does chemical digestion happen?
- Saliva – Saliva contains enzymes (salivary amylase to break down starch)
- Saliva also lubricates the food
- Once broken up, the food (now a bolus) is swallowed
Where else does mechanical and chemical digestion take place?
Mechanical and Chemical digestion also occur in the Stomach.
What is mechanical digestion in general?
-Muscle organs that holds and churns food to continue the process of digestion
What is Chemical digestion kind of not in general?
- Strong acids (Hydrochloric acid, HCl - kills microbes and enzymes (pepsin) are secreted in the stomach to begin the digestion of proteins.
- Mucus protects the stomach lining from HCI and pepsin
Where is nutrients absorbed and how?
Small intestine
- Inside the small intestine, the lining is made up of many finger-like projections called villi and microvilli that is surrounded by capillaries (tiny blood vessels)
- This increases the surface area, so that maximum absorption of nutrients can take place!*
- Once nutrients are absorbed by the small intestine, they diffuse into Capillaries so that the circulatory system can deliver the nutrients around the body
What is absorbed in the large intestine?
- Water and salt, water gets reabsorbed.
- Trillions of bacteria live in your colon that provide you with vitamins (vitamin K and biotin).
What are the accessory organs?
The salivary glands, liver and gallbladder, and the pancreas aid the processes of ingestion, digestion, and absorption. These accessory organs of digestion play key roles in the digestive process. Each of these organs either secretes or stores substances that pass through ducts into the alimentary canal.
What is the Pathway that blood takes through the heart?
Blood comes into the right atrium from the body, moves into the right ventricle and is pushed into the pulmonary arteries in the lungs. After picking up oxygen, the blood travels back to the heart through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, to the left ventricle and out to the body’s tissues through the aorta
What does the liver produce?
-Liver produces bile which emulsifies fat (breaks down fat into smaller droplets
What does the pancreas produce?
-Pancreas produces other digestive enzymes (pancreatic amylase, lactase, lipases, etc.)
How are enzymes produced?
All these enzymes produced by the accessory organs are secreted into the small intestine, where it will help to further breakdown (digest) the chym
What do Arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart
- More pressure, therefore wall of arteries are thicker, especially those close to the heart
- Further from the heart, the arteries branch into smaller and smaller blood vessels-
