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BIO PSYCH FINAL > BIO PSYCH FINAL > Flashcards

BIO PSYCH FINAL Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a disorder?

A

An impairment in daily functioning

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2
Q

Pros of DSM-V

A

Used to justify payment and treatment
Consistent with diagnoses used by medical disorders worldwide

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3
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

GAD (generalized anxiety)
Panic disorder
Phobia, agoraphobia, social phobia
OCD
PTSD

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4
Q

Mood disorders

A

MDD (major depressive)
SAD
Bipolar Disorder
Schizophrenia

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5
Q

Cons of DSM-V

A

-Calls too many people “disordered”
-Borders between diagnoses seem arbitrary
-Decisions about what is a disorder seem to include value judgements
-Diagnostic labels direct how we view and interpret the world, can be stigmatizing

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6
Q

Generalized Anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

Emotional-cognitive symptoms include worrying, having anxious feelings and thoughts about many things, and sometimes having “free-floating” anxiety with no attachment to any subject

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7
Q

Panic disorder

A

Repeated and unexpected panic attacks, as well as a huge fear of the next panic attack

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8
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

Mix of obsessions and compulsions

Obsessions: intense, unwanted worries, ideas, and images that repeatedly pop up in the mind

Compulsions: repeated strong feeling of “needing” to carry out an action even though it doesn’t feel like it makes sense

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9
Q

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

At least 4 weeks to lifetime of the following:

Repeated intrusive recall of traumatic memories
Nightmares and other re-experiences
Social withdrawal or phobic avoidance
Jumpy anxiety or hypervigilance
Insomnia or sleep problems

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10
Q

Major Depressive disorder (MDD)

A

Must include one/both of the following for a min of 2 weeks:
-depressed mood most of day
-loss of interest/pleasure in activities

Include at least three of the following:
-increase/decrease in weight/appetite
-insomnia, sleep too much, disrupted sleep
-physical agitation
-fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
-worthlessness or excessive/inappropriate guilt
-daily problems in thinking, concentration, and/or making decisions
-recurring thoughts of death and suicide

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11
Q

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

Recurring seasonal pattern of depression, usually during the winter’s short, dark, and cold days

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12
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Mix of depression and mania

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13
Q

Mania (in bipolar disorder)

A

Period of hyper-elevated mood that is euphoric, giddy, easily irritated, hyperactive, impulsive, overly optimistic, and even grandiose

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14
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Disorganized thinking (delusions)
Disturbed perceptions (hallucinations)
Diminished and unusual emotion, including flat affect
Onset and course

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15
Q

Onset and development of Schizophrenia

A

Onset: typically, schizophrenic symptoms appear at the end of adolescence and in early adulthood (later for women than men)

Development: course of schizophrenia can be acute/reactive or chronic

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16
Q

Positive and negative symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

Positive (presence of problematic behaviors)
-hallucinations
-delusions
-disorganized thoughts and nonsensical speech
-bizarre behaviors

Negative (absence of healthy behaviors)
-flat affect
-reduced social interaction
-no feeling of enjoyment
-less motivation
-speaking less
-moving less

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17
Q

Risk factors of Schizophrenia

A

Low birth weight
Maternal diabetes
Older paternal age
Famine
Oxygen Depravation during delivery
Maternal virus during mid-pregnancy

18
Q

Personality disorders

A

DID
APD

19
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

A

AKA multiple personality disorder
Possessing multiple and different personalities called “alters”

20
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)

A

Persistently acting without conscience, without a sense of guilt for harm done to others (no empathy)

21
Q

Eating disorders

A

Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge-eating disorder

22
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Compulsion to lose weight couples with certainty about being fat despite being underweight/skinny

23
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

Compulsion to binge, eating large amounts then purge by losing the food through vomiting, laxatives, and extreme exercise

24
Q

Binge-eating disorder

A

Compulsion to binge, followed by guilt and depression

25
Q

3 parts of emotion

A

Behaviors
Thoughts
Body arousal

26
Q

4 theories of emotion

A

James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
Schacter-Singer
Zajonc, LeDoux, and Lazarus

27
Q

James-Lange theory

A

Emotion is our conscious awareness of our biological responses to stimuli (feel it in bones before we are aware)
So body arousal occurs first, then cognitive awareness, then labeling

(ex.. if you stub your toes, your body feels it first, then your brain is aware, and then you are sad/mad because it hurts)

28
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

Having a conscious/cognitive experience of an emotion at the same time as our body is responding (body and consciousness are parallel)

29
Q

Schacter-Singer Theory

A

Emotions do not exist until we label the body sensations we feel (label completes the emotion)

ex… you have depression because you feel depressed, without the label of depression you are not depressed (or at least not as much)

30
Q

Zajonc, LaDoux, and the Lazarus theory

A

Emotion reaction without conscious thought

ex… you start crying without knowing why

31
Q

Role of the autonomic nervous system

A

Physiological arousal felt during various emotions is orchestrated by the sympathetic nervous system (triggers activity and changes in various organs). Then, the parasympathetic nervous system calms down the body.

Every emotion is a combo of SNS and PSNS

32
Q

Detecting emotion in others

A

-Introverts are better at detecting emotions, extroverts have emotions that are easier to read.
-We are primed to quickly detect negative emotions
-Anger: eyes and Happiness: Lips

33
Q

Gender and emotional expression and detection

A

these are overgeneralizations
-women seem to have greater and more complex emotions
-women are also more skilled at detecting emotions in others
-we often associate anger more in men and happiness more in women

34
Q

What are the four basic emotions?

A

Mad, Sad, Glad, Fear

(any other emotion is a combo of these four)

35
Q

Catharsis myth (anger)

A

The idea that we can reduce anger by “releasing” it, and we do this by acting aggressively

expressing anger makes the feeling of anger worse!

36
Q

What is happiness?

A

A mood, an attitude, a social phenomenon, a cognitive filter, and a way to stay hopeful/motivated/connected

37
Q

Can money buy happiness?

A

NO

38
Q

Correlates of happiness

A

Happiness is seen in these people:
-high self esteem
-optimism, outgoing personality, and agreeable
-possessing close friendships/relationships/marriage
-having work and leisure engaging our skills
-having an active religious faith
-sleeping weel and exercising
-feeling in control of our lives

39
Q

Ways of increasing your happiness

A

Look beyond wealth
Bring habits in line with goals
Smile and act happy
Find work and leisure that engages our skills
Exercise and move
Focus on the needs and wishes of others
Work,rest, SLEEP
Notice what goes well and express gratitude
Nurture spirituality, meaning, and community
Make close relationships a priority

40
Q

Happiness is NOT related to

A

Age
Gender
Parenthood
Physical attractiveness

BIO PSYCH FINAL (1 decks)

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