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Biology 10 > Bio- Part 1 > Flashcards

Bio- Part 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are 3 points of Cell Theory

A
  • All living things are made of cells (multi or single cellular)
    -Contain Genetic Information, Metabolism and are capable of reproduction)
    -Biogenesis
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2
Q

What is Biogenesis

A

Cells produced by other cells through cell division

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2
Q

What is the theory when living organisms arose from non-living entities

A

Spontaneous Generation or Abiogenesis

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2
Q

Who proved spontaneous generation wrong and what year

A

Louis Pasteur in 1745

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2
Q

Cells are made of…

A

Organelles ( Are NOT living but have a specialized function that contributes to the creation of the cell)

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3
Q

What is goes between cells and organ systems

A

Cell, Tissue, Organs, Organ System

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3
Q

What are unspecialized cells referred to

A

Stem cells

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4
Q

What are 3 exceptions to the Cell Theory

A

1) Viruses ( They contain genetic material but cannot survive outside the host)
2) Striaghted Musscle (Contains multiple nuclei, single membrane)
3) Fungal Hyphae ( Contain multiple nuclei, join together to form continuous cytoplasm)

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5
Q

Who created the 3-lens system and when

A

Robert Hooke in 1665
( He created the word “cell”)

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5
Q

Who created the first microscope and when

A

Hans and Zacharias Janssen in 1595
( Approxemently magnify 20X)

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6
Q

Who discovered Bacteria and what year

A

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek in early 1670’s

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6
Q

What is Eukaryotic Cell

A

Contain membrane-bound organelles and are the basis for both unicellular and multicellular organisms.

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7
Q

What is the Nucleus

A

Controls all cellular activities
where DNA is stored

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8
Q

What is Lysosomes

A

Digest/break down waste and other foreign particles (e.g. viruses & bacteria)

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9
Q

What is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Smooth ER makes lipids for delivery out of the cell.

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10
Q

What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Rough ER makes proteins for delivery out of the cell (“rough” because it is embedded by ribosomes, which help create proteins)

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11
Q

What is the Golgi Apparatus/Complex

A

Flat, disc-shaped sacs involved in secretion.
Receives substances from the ER and packages them for transport out of the cell

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12
Q

What does DORA stand for

A

DNA
Organelles
Reproduction
Average size
(Study Slide 36 better)

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12
Q

What is a Prokaryotic Cell

A

They don’t have any membrane-bound organelles and are always part of unicellular organisms.

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13
Q

What is the Ribosomes

A

free-floating in cytoplasm
Translates mRNA (modified DNA) from the nucleus into sequences of amino acids
(aka proteins)
Eukaryotes contain “80s” ribosomes

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14
Q

What is Cell Membrane

A

Flexible boundary that controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell

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15
Q

What is Cytoplasm

A

Jelly-like material found throughout the cell in which organelles are suspended

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16
Q

What is Centrioles

A

Paired barrel-shaped organelles located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope. Centrioles play a role in organizing microtubules that serve as the cell’s skeletal system. They help determine the locations of the nucleus and other organelles within the cell.

16
Q

What is Mitochondria

A

Where cellular respiration takes place; provides ATP (energy) for use by the cell

17
Q

What is the formula for Cellular Respiration

A

Glucose+Oxygen->Carbon Dioxide+Water+ATP

18
Q

What is Chloroplast

A

where photosynthesis takes place
contain chlorophyll, a green pigment which helps absorb light from the sun

18
Q

What is Photosynthesis

A

Energy from the sun transformed into glucose

19
Q

What is a Cell Wall

A

the rigid outer portion of the cell provides shape and support
explains why plant cells often look “boxy” under the microscope

19
Q

What is Vacuole

A

stores water and other substances

20
Q

What is the Phospholipid Bilayer

A

The main function is to control the movement of materials in and out of a cell

21
Q

What is Integral Proteins

A

Span the lipid bilayer; are permanently embedded.

22
Q

What does JET RAT stand for

A

intercellular Joining
Enzymic activity
Transport (active or passive)
cell-cell Recognition
Anchorage/ Attachment
signal Transduction

22
Q

What are Peripheral Proteins

A

Associate with the surface of the membrane; are temporarily attached.

22
Q

What is Cholesterol

A

maintain the fluidity of the cell membrane, thereby allowing it to maintain integrity while it changes shape.

23
Q

What is Selective Transport

A

only certain substances are allowed to cross the membrane

24
Q

What is diffusion

A

solvent moves by a concentration gradient

24
Q

What is Osmosis

A

water moves by a concentration gradient

25
Q

Phospholipids are composed of..

A

The head is hydrophilic ( water-loving)
The tail is hydrophobic ( water-fearing)

25
Q

What are the 2 current models of cell membrane

A

Trilaminar Model (Davson & Danielli) 1935
Sandwich like
Fluid Mosaic Model(Singer & Nicolson) 1972
Sandwich with protein embedded

25
Q

What is Dynamic Membrane

A

Cell membranes contain embedded proteins, which serve to physically transport substances across the membrane and carry out chemical reactions
This model of the membrane structure is referred to as the fluid-mosaic model

26
Q

What is Endocytosis

A

taken into the cell

27
Q

Where is the ground layer of the plant

A

Between the ground and vascular layer

27
Q

what is Pinocytosis

A

cell drinking”, is a form of endocytosis which allows cells to obtain molecules dissolved in fluids

27
Q

what is Phagocytosis

A

“cell eating”, is a form of endocytosis which allows cells to obtain solids

27
Q

Where is the dermal layer of plant

A

outer most layer

28
Q

What is the cuticle of a plant

A

Waxy film covering the dermal layer

28
Q

where is the vascular layer

A

innermost part of the plant

28
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place

A

ground layer

29
Q

Where does transportation take place in the plant

A

vascular layer

30
Q

What is tropism

A

growth of the plant in a specific direction as a result of a particular stimulus.

31
Q

What is negativerowth of a plant away from a stimulus.
tropism

A
31
Q

What is positive tropism

A

growth of a plant towards a stimulus.

32
Q

What is an isotonic solution

A

the concentration of the solute and solution is almost the same as normal blood cells)

32
Q

what is a hypotonic solution (diluted)

A

the concentration of solute is lower outside the cell compared to inside ( blood cell would expand)

32
Q

what is a hypertonic (concentration)

A

the concentration of solute is higher inside the cell compared to outside ( Blood cells would shrivel)

32
Q

What is facilitated diffusion

A

involves the transport of substances that cannot cross the membrane by themselves without proteins

32
Q

What is Exocytosis

A

Released from the cell

Biology 10 (1 decks)

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