Bio Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Factors that affect rate of photosynthesis

A

Light
Carbon Dioxide
Temperature

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2
Q

Inverse square law

A

(Original light intensity x original distance^2)/new distance^2

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3
Q

Palisade Cells

A

Near top of leaf and packed with chloroplast

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4
Q

Stomata

A

Open and close due to guard cells taking in water.

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5
Q

How are root hair cells adapted

A

Large SA:V ratio

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6
Q

What is transpiration

A

Movement of water up the plant
Cohesion-Tension Theory

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7
Q

What are Xylem Cells

A

Continuous pipes made from lignin.
Dead cells for more space

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8
Q

What is Translocation

A

Active transport of sucrose and amino acids around plant from store to sink.
Move through phloem

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9
Q

How does phloem work

A

Flow through sieve cells with companion cells to pump sucrose through

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10
Q

What are the glands for Hormones

A

Pituitary
Adrenal
Thyroid
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes

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11
Q

What does Thyroxine do

A

Controls metabolism. Amount controlled by TRH and TSH

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12
Q

What is the negative feedback system of Thyroxine

A

Low Thyroxine -> TRH produced -> TSH -> Thyroxine produced -> TRH stops

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13
Q

What does Adrenaline do

A

Increased strength of heart
Tunnel vision
Widened lumen
Increased glucose levels

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14
Q

What is Type 1 diabetes and how to control

A

Immune system attacks pancreatic cells
Inject insulin

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15
Q

What is Type 2 diabetes and how to control

A

Not enough insulin is produced and Target Organs become resistant
Do exercise and eat proper foods

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16
Q

What does Insulin and Glucagon do

A

Insulin - Glucose into Glycogen
Glucagon - Glycogen into Glucose

17
Q

Where are glucose levels detected

18
Q

Cycles of Menstruation

A

Day 1-5 = avg shedding
Day 14 = Ovulation

19
Q

What is Menstruation controlled by

A

Oestrogen and Progesterone - produced in the ovaries

20
Q

What does FSH do and where

A

Produced in Pituitary
Causes maturation of egg

21
Q

What does Oestrogen do and where

A

Produced in Ovary
Inhibits FSH, Thickens lining of uterus

22
Q

What does LH do and where

A

Produced in pituitary
Stimulates release of egg

23
Q

What does Progesterone do and where

A

Produced in corpus luteum
Maintains uterus lining

24
Q

What do Oral Contraceptives do

A

Contains progesterone and sometimes oestrogen.

Lining doesn’t shed. Stop FSH and LH

25
What is clomifene therapy
Inject FSH and LH
26
Biotic VS Abiotic
Biotic are living Abiotic are not
27
What effects food security
Increase human population Increased meat and dairy consumption New pests and pathogens Environmental change Biofuels
28
How does Carbon Cycle work
Respiration Photosynthesis Eating Decomposition Combustion
29
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
Turns noticed into ammonia - found in legumes of nodules
30
Nitrifying bacteria
Ammonia into nitrates
31
Denitrifying
Turns nitrates back into nitrogen
32
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