Bio Paper 2 Flashcards
Factors that affect rate of photosynthesis
Light
Carbon Dioxide
Temperature
Inverse square law
(Original light intensity x original distance^2)/new distance^2
Palisade Cells
Near top of leaf and packed with chloroplast
Stomata
Open and close due to guard cells taking in water.
How are root hair cells adapted
Large SA:V ratio
What is transpiration
Movement of water up the plant
Cohesion-Tension Theory
What are Xylem Cells
Continuous pipes made from lignin.
Dead cells for more space
What is Translocation
Active transport of sucrose and amino acids around plant from store to sink.
Move through phloem
How does phloem work
Flow through sieve cells with companion cells to pump sucrose through
What are the glands for Hormones
Pituitary
Adrenal
Thyroid
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
What does Thyroxine do
Controls metabolism. Amount controlled by TRH and TSH
What is the negative feedback system of Thyroxine
Low Thyroxine -> TRH produced -> TSH -> Thyroxine produced -> TRH stops
What does Adrenaline do
Increased strength of heart
Tunnel vision
Widened lumen
Increased glucose levels
What is Type 1 diabetes and how to control
Immune system attacks pancreatic cells
Inject insulin
What is Type 2 diabetes and how to control
Not enough insulin is produced and Target Organs become resistant
Do exercise and eat proper foods
What does Insulin and Glucagon do
Insulin - Glucose into Glycogen
Glucagon - Glycogen into Glucose
Where are glucose levels detected
Pancreas
Cycles of Menstruation
Day 1-5 = avg shedding
Day 14 = Ovulation
What is Menstruation controlled by
Oestrogen and Progesterone - produced in the ovaries
What does FSH do and where
Produced in Pituitary
Causes maturation of egg
What does Oestrogen do and where
Produced in Ovary
Inhibits FSH, Thickens lining of uterus
What does LH do and where
Produced in pituitary
Stimulates release of egg
What does Progesterone do and where
Produced in corpus luteum
Maintains uterus lining
What do Oral Contraceptives do
Contains progesterone and sometimes oestrogen.
Lining doesn’t shed. Stop FSH and LH
What is clomifene therapy
Inject FSH and LH
Biotic VS Abiotic
Biotic are living
Abiotic are not
What effects food security
Increase human population
Increased meat and dairy consumption
New pests and pathogens
Environmental change
Biofuels
How does Carbon Cycle work
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Eating
Decomposition
Combustion
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
Turns noticed into ammonia - found in legumes of nodules
Nitrifying bacteria
Ammonia into nitrates
Denitrifying
Turns nitrates back into nitrogen
