Bio paper 1 Flashcards
Why are electron microscopes better then normal light microscopes
Higher resolution
Difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic = DNA stored in nucleus
Prokaryotic = DNA is not stored in nucleus
What are the stages of mitosis (3 points)
1) cell Duplicates it’s DNA
2) one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell
3) cell splits to new identical daughter cells
What is a haploid and diploid cell
Haploid = cell containing a single set of chromosomes
Diploid = cell containing two sets of chromosomes
How to increase rate of diffusion (3 points)
Increase temperater
Increase surface area
Increase difference in conc
Role of bile in digestive system
Breaks down fats to increase surface area for enzymes
Where’s amylase made and what does it do
It’s an enzyme in salivary glands and pancreas
Breaks starch down into glucose
What are villi
Projection Cells in small intestine that absorbs nutrients into blood stream
They have a large surface area to maximize rate of absorption
What is an enzyme
Special proteins to speed up a biological reaction
What is a “specific” enzyme
An enzyme with a specific active site to pair with the substrate
What increases the activity of an enzyme
Temperature
What does it mean to say an enzyme denatures ?
The active site changing shape
What do carbohydrates proteases and lipases break down
Proteases = proteins into amino acids
Lipases = lipids into fatty acids
Tests for starch, sugars, proteins and lipids
Starch - iodine goes orange to black
Sugar - Benedict’s solution from blue to orange
Protein ~ biurets reagent blue - purple
Lipids - turns ethanol cloudy
What’s the function of alveoli
Where gas exchange occurs
Difference between
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
-thick walls, thin lumin
-really thin walls
- thin walls wide lumin
What is cancer
A disease caused by damaged cells divide uncontrollably
Functions of xylem and phloem
Xylem-carry’s water up plant
Phloem-tubes of cells carrying nutrients up and down the plant
What is transpiration
Plants losing water water Vapor from their leaves through tiny pores called
Equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + glucose > water + oxygen
Other then storing genetic info what is the function of the nucleus
Control cellular activities
What does the vacuole contain
Cell sap
Why do electron microscopes have a greater mag and res
They use a beam of electrons which has a shorter wavelength then photons of light
What are chromosomes made up of
Consist of DNA molecules combined with proteins
What are issues with the use of stem cells
It’s slow expensive and difficult
What’s an example of active transport
Absorption of ions in plant roots
What is an adaption for diffusion
Thin membrane giving a short diffusion path
What is a cell
Basic building blocks of living organisms
Example of a organ system
Circulatory system
What does a pacemaker do
Controls resting heart rate
How is the alcoholic adapted for exchange
Large surface area and 1 cell thick walls
Function of the digestive system
To break down and absorb food
What are the 3 enzymes
Amylase
Protease
Lipase
What is a risk factor of disease
Death
Obesity
How is a root hair cell adapted for its function
Large SA to max absorption
Thin wall
Lots of mitochondria
What is transpiration
Water evaporates and exits the plant
Describe leaf structure from bottom to top
Lower epidermis
Spongy mesophyll
Palisade mesophyll
Upper epidermis
Wax cuticle
What does herd immunity do
Protects those unable to get vaccinated
Example of fungal disease
Rose black spot
Example of protist
Malaria
Example of a virus
Measles
Example of bacteria
Salmonella
What are 3 uses of glucose in photosynthesis
Used in respiration
Used to produce cellulose
Stored as starch
Function for respiration
Needed for energy
Does anaerobic respiration create more or less energy then aerobic
Anaerobic creates less energy
