Bio-Pac 01

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

the study of life

Question 2

Organism

Answer 2

a living thing that can move, grow, and reproduce

Question 3

Development

Answer 3

rapidly or slowly occurring changes due to growth in an organism

Question 4

Species

Answer 4

population of interbreeding organisms capable of producing fertile offspring

Question 5

Growth

Answer 5

process that results in structural changes and increased living material in organisms

Question 6

Response

Answer 6

reaction to an external or internal condition

Question 7

Adaptation

Answer 7

evolution of structural, internal, to behavioral features that help an organism better survive in an environment

Question 8

Homeostasis

Answer 8

equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life

Question 9

Element

Answer 9

One of the simplest chemical substances. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. There are 90 natural occurring elements, 25 of which are essential to living. The most essential are Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Sulfur. There are also trace elements.

Question 10

Molecule

Answer 10

A molecule is a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds and have no overall charge. (Because a molecule is a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds, a molecule can be a compound or an element.)

Question 11

Compound

Answer 11

A substance that is composed of atoms of different elements that are chemically combined, meaning it will not have the same properties as the elements that were used to make the compound.

Question 12

Solution

Answer 12

A mixture, combinations of substances in which individual substances retain their own properties, in which one or more substances are distributed evenly in another substance (dissolved). Can be heterogeneous or homogeneous.

Question 13

Solute

Answer 13

The substance being dissolved.

Question 14

Solvent

Answer 14

The substance that dissolves the solute.

Question 15

Metabolism

Answer 15

All the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.

Question 16

pH

Answer 16

The measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.

Question 17

Acid

Answer 17

Any substance that forms hydrogen atoms (H+) atoms in water (0-6).

Question 18

Base

Answer 18

Any substance that forms hydroxide atoms (OH-) in water (8-14).

Question 19

Isomers

Answer 19

Compounds that have the same simple formula different three dimensional structures. (Isotopes are elements with different numbers of neutrons.)

Question 20

Polymer

Answer 20

A large molecule when many smaller molecules bond together, usually in long chains.

Question 21

Hydrolysis

Answer 21

The breaking apart of a polymer by the addition of water.

Question 22

Amino Acids

Answer 22

The basic building blocks of proteins, a large complex polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

Question 23

Peptide Bond

Answer 23

The covalent bind formed between amino acids.

Question 24

Nucleotides

Answer 24

The smaller subunits that make up the polymer nucleic acids (DNA, RNA).

Question 25

Enzyme

Answer 25

A protein that speeds up chemical reactions, by increasing the speed of the reactions, lowering the reaction temperature, or making a solution less acidic or basic.

Question 26

TEM

Answer 26

Transmission electron microscope. Aims a beam of electrons through an object in a vacuum. The more dense portions allow less through, and cause that area to be dark on the screen. These images are only two-dimensional. TEM is used to study the parts of cells at hundreds of thousands times.

Question 27

SEM

Answer 27

Scanning electron microscope. Sweeps beams of electrons over the specimen, which then causes electrons to be emitted from the specimen. This microscope produces a three dimensional image. It is able to produce 60, 000 times of magnification of a specimen without losing clarity.

Question 28

STM

Answer 28

Scanning tunneling microscope. Can show the arrangement of atoms on the surface of a molecule.

Question 29

Resolution

Answer 29

The minimal distance that two points can be separated and still be seen as two separate and distinct points. If the two details inside are closer than the resolution of a microscope, they will be seen as one product.