BIO - Orientation, Localization and Documentation

Question 1

What four structures can be seen in the posterior pole? Also what is the limit of the posterior pole defined by?

Answer 1

• Optic Nerve
• Macula and fovea
• Central retinal artery and vein
• Superior & inferior arcades

Limit is defined by vortex ampullae

Question 2

What is the equitorial region defined by?

Answer 2

• Anterior limit of vortex ampullae

Question 3

Describe the Long Posterior Ciliary arteries and nerves

What clock hour they emerge, how they divide the fundus, where the emerge and run to

Answer 3

• Located 3 and 9 o clock
• divide fundus into superior and inferior halves
• emerge at equator and run anteriorly

Question 4

Describe Short Ciliary arteries and nerves

how many per eye, where they run relative to ora serrata, what meridians (o clock) hours they’re seen in

Answer 4

• 10- 20 per eye
• run perpendicular to ora serrata
• commonly seen in vertical meridians (6, 12 o clock)

Question 5

Describe Vitreous base

location relative to ora serrata, what attachment it represents

Answer 5

• posterior to ora serrata

- represents attachment of posterior vitreous to retina

Question 6

Describe Ora serrata

What ocular structures is it the end point for?, describe the surface of the temporal and nasal ora

Answer 6

• end of choroid and retina
• temporal ora - smooth surface
• nasal ora - scalloped surface

Question 7

What is the difference between Orientation and Localization?

Answer 7

Orientation: Image seen in lens. Image is actually inverted and reversed from actual.

Localization: True area being viewed on retina

Question 8

How do you document normal peripheral retina?

Answer 8

• flat & intact to ora 360

- DR, -HTN Ret, -RD