bio molecules knowledge review

Question 1

monomer

Answer 1

a single small molecule that joins with others to form a chain

Question 2

polymer

Answer 2

large molecule made of many monomers joined together

Question 3

Polymerisation

Answer 3

the joining of many monomers

Question 4

condensation

Answer 4

the joining together of two molecules that result in the release of water

Question 5

hydrolysis

Answer 5

breaking down of larger molecules by adding water

Question 6

monosaccharide

Answer 6

single monomer that makes a carbohydrate (glucose, galactose, fructose)

Question 7

disaccharide

Answer 7

two monosaccharides joined together (maltose, sucrose, lactose)

Question 8

polysaccharide

Answer 8

many monosaccharides joined together

Question 9

glycosidic bond

Answer 9

bond formed during the condensation reaction between 2 monosaccharides

Question 10

lipid

Answer 10

naturally occurring molecule used for storing energy,signalling and acting as structural components of cell membranes

Question 11

alpha glucose molecule

Answer 11

hydroxyl on bottom

Question 12

beta glucose molecule

Answer 12

hydroxyl on top

Question 13

test for reducing sugars

Answer 13

add equal amounts of test solution and benedicts solution, heat in water bath. negative result=blue positive test=brick red precipitate

Question 14

test for non-reducing sugars

Answer 14

test solution, dilute hydrochloric acid will hydrolyses any disaccharides with heat, slowly add sodium hydrogencarbonate to neutralize the acid, heat with benedicts positive test=brick red precipitate, negative test=blue

Question 15

starch

Answer 15

iodine solution orange to bluey black

Question 16

lipids

Answer 16

emulsion test- crush solid sample, add ethanol until it covers the sample and shake, allow it to settle and then decant the solution, add distilled water, cloudy white emulsion forms

Question 17

protein

Answer 17

biuret solution, blue to lilac

Question 18

starch structure+function

Answer 18

-alpha glucose
-glycosidic bond formed in condensation reaction
-energy storage in plants
-compact,store in small space

Question 19

cellulose structure+function

Answer 19

-beta glucose
-glycosidic bonds and hydrogen
-plant cell walls
- grouped to from microfibrils which are arranged into fibres, rigid for plant cell walls

Question 20

glycogen structure+function

Answer 20

-alpha glucose
-glycosidic bonds formed in condensation reactions
-energy storage in animals
-smaller chain than starch, hydrolysed more quickly

Question 21

characteristics of a lipid

Answer 21

1) substrate for respiration
2) storage of energy
3) insulation
4)protection of organs
5)buoyancy and streamlining of aquatic animals
6)cell membranes
7) hormones
8) waterproofing

Question 22

phosphlipid

Answer 22

glycerol, phosphate group, two fatty acids

Question 23

triglyceride

Answer 23

glycerol, three fatty acids

Question 24

saturated

Answer 24

no double c=c bonds, all carbon atoms linked to the max number of hydrogen atoms

Question 25

monounsaturated

Answer 25

one double c=c bond

Question 26

polyunsaturated

Answer 26

multiple double c=c bonds

Question 27

double bonds effect

Answer 27

-double bonds cause the molecules to bend
-they cannot pack as tightly together
-makes them liquid at room temperature

Question 28

structural isomers

Answer 28

same molecular formula, different structure/arrangement of atoms

Question 29

hydrophobic

Answer 29

repels water, molecules/groups are not polar or charged and so do not dissolve in or mix in water

Question 30

hydrophillic

Answer 30

attracts water, molecules/groups are polar or charged and can mix/dissolve in water

Question 31

fats can be solid or liquid

Answer 31

-liquids=unsaturated
-solid=saturated

Question 32

triglyceride bond

Answer 32

ester bond