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biology lab midterm > bio midterm > Flashcards

bio midterm Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

diffusion

A

movement of molecules from a higher to a lower concentration until equilibrium is achieved and the molecules are distributed equally

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2
Q

isotonic solution

A

equal concentration of solute and the cell

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3
Q

hypertonic solution

A

cell shrivels. higher solute (lower water) concentration then the cell. water moves out of cell

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4
Q

hypotonic solution

A

cell expands and bursts. lower solute (higher water) then the cell. water moved into cell

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5
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water across the plasma membrane of a cell.

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6
Q

what regulates the movement of molecules into and out of the cytoplasm

A

plasma membrane

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7
Q

what structures in both cells carry out protein sythesis

A

ribosomes

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7
Q

features used to distinguish a prokaryotic cell

A

lack of nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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8
Q

what plant cell organelle carries out photosynthesis

A

chloroplast

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9
Q

what two things are found in the nucleus of a eukaroytic cell

A

DNA+ nucleolus

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10
Q

what molecule is associated with plant cell walls

A

cellulose

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11
Q

what energy producing organelle is found in animal and plant cells

A

mitochondria

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12
Q

does water move into or out of cells that are placed in hypotonic solutions

A

into

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13
Q

what kind of solution causes crenation to happen to red blood cells

A

hypertonic

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14
Q

of a solution has more hydrogen ions then hydroxide ions is the solution acidic or basic

A

acidic

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15
Q

what kind of solution causes chloroplasts to be pushed outward against the cell wall

A

hypotonic

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16
Q

what is present in human blood that ensures blood PH is maintained at 7.4

A

buffers

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17
Q

what cellular structures are found in both cells

A

ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA

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18
Q

are the substrates in an enzymatic reaction reactants or products

A

reactants

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19
Q

what is the name of the location on an enzyme where its substrate or substrates bind

A

active site

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20
Q

what cellular organelle contains catalase and is present in all plant and animal organs

A

peroxisomes

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21
Q

what did measuring the bubble clump heights in all the experimental procedures indicate

A

enzyme activity

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22
Q

what word describes the loss of an enzymes original shape and ability of its active site to function

A

denature

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23
Q

what happens to enzyme activity if the temp increases a few degrees

A

activity of enzyme increases

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24
Q

what did the control tube lack when the effect of enzyme concentration was studied

A

catalase

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25
Q

if enzyme concentration increases will products from the enzyme reaction increase, decrease, or stay the same

A

increase

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26
Q

enzymes work best at what ph

A

7

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27
Q

how does a significant change in ph affect the structure of an enzyme

A

it decreases the function

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28
Q

homeostasis

A

maintenance of internal balance in the body for conditions such as temperature and PH

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29
Q

what kind of reaction adds water to break large biomolecules into subunits

A

hydrolysis reaction

30
Q

what kinda of protein is lactase, the biomolecule that speeds up the breakdown of lactose

A

enzyme

31
Q

what kind of bond forms during a dehydration synthesis reaction involving two amino acids

A

peptide bonds

32
Q

if maltose undergoes hydrolysis what subunits result

A

2 glucose molecules

33
Q

what molecules do plants store glucose

A

starch

34
Q

what kind of biomolecules are insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol or ether

A

lipids

35
Q

if 2 fatty acids, glycerol, and a phosphate group undergo a dehydration reaction, what biomolecule will they form

A

phosophlipids

36
Q

another name for plant fats

A

oils

37
Q

what must be present to sucesffuly break down fats during digestion

A

bile salt/enyzme

38
Q

what are the similarities between the chemical structure and composition of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids

A

all chemeical structures contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and are all composed of building blocks

39
Q

what is oil and water and why don’t they mix

A

oil is non polar whereas water is polar meaning they don’t fix because non polar and polar don’t touch

40
Q

mm to cm

A

divide by 10

41
Q

mg to g

A

divide by 1000

42
Q

l to ml

A

multiply by 1000

43
Q

what is the name for the lenses located near the eye

A

ocular lense

44
Q

if the amount of light passing through the condenser needs to be decreases what microscope part should be adjusted

A

diaphragm

45
Q

what word describes a microscope that remains in focus when the objective lenses are changed

A

parfocal

46
Q

if the slide is being viewed with the high power objective which adjustment knob should be used to sharpen the focus

A

fine adjustment knob

47
Q

which microscope would be used to study a whole object

A

stereo microscope

48
Q

trasmissione electron microscope

A

can achieve a high resolution allowing us to view objects that are very small

49
Q

list several types of microscopes

A

Compound microscope, stereo microscope, confocal microscope, electron microscope

50
Q

what molecule is most commmoly broken down during cellular respiration and femerntaiton

A

glucose

51
Q

What are the differences between a stereomicroscope and a compound light microscope

A

A stereomicroscope provides a 3D view and is typically used for larger specimens, while a compound microscope offers higher magnification and is used for thin, transparent samples.

52
Q

What is used to improve contrast when viewing clear portions of cells

A

stains/dye

53
Q

Which term describes the minimum distance between two objects required to distinguish them as two separate objects

A

resolution

54
Q

what organelle present in animal and plant cells completes the breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration

A

mitochondrion

55
Q

1 um to mm

A

divide by 1000

56
Q

plasma membrane function

A

regulates entrance and exit + separates inside and outside

57
Q

1 nm to mm

A

divide by 1 million

58
Q

nucleus function

A

stores genetic info and manages cells genetic material

58
Q

nucleolus function

A

makes rna

58
Q

smooth er function

A

lipid synthesis

58
Q

ribosomes function

A

makes proteins

58
Q

rough er function

A

protein synthesis

59
Q

endoplasmic reticulum function

A

always outside nucleus

59
Q

vesicles function

A

sends proteins

59
Q

Golgi apparatus function

A

processes, packages, and ships proteins and lipids to locations

59
Q

lysosomes function

A

recycles cells and defense system. breaks down waste

59
Q

cytoskeleton

A

movement, mainstains shape and ridigty

60
Q

centrioles in centrosome function

A

makes spindle fibers during divison

60
Q
A
60
Q

mitochondria

A

energy power house of cell

60
Q
A
61
Q
A
61
Q
A

biology lab midterm (1 decks)

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