Bio-macromolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A monomer is a single atom, small molecule, or molecular fragment that, when bonded together with identical and similar types of monomers, form a larger, macromolecule known as a polymer.

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2
Q

What are the 4 bio-macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid.

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3
Q

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

A

Simple sugars (monosaccharides).

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4
Q

Describe carbohydrates.

A
  • Most common compound in living things.
  • Consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
  • Used as an energy source.
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5
Q

What are the types of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharides.

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6
Q

What is the monomer of lipids?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol.

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7
Q

Describe lipids.

A
  • Fats, oils, phospholipids, glycolipids and steroids.
  • Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
  • Insoluble in water.
  • Three functions: Store energy (have approximately twice the energy of carbohydrates), structural component of membranes and specific biological functions e.g. transmission of chemical signals both within and between cells.
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8
Q

Describe the structure of lipids.

A

A triglyceride with a glycerol unit and three fatty acid chains.

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9
Q

What is the monomer of proteins?

A

Amino acids.

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10
Q

Describe proteins.

A
  • Almost everything a cell is or does relies on proteins.
  • Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
  • Plants can synthesis their own amino acids but animals must obtain some of them through their diet.
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11
Q

Describe the structure of proteins.

A

Made up of amino acids which join together in chains.

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12
Q

What is the monomer of nucleic acid?

A

Nucleotides.

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13
Q

Describe nucleic acid.

A
  • Make up DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
  • A molecule of DNA is composed of two long strands of subunits called nucleotides. The strands of nucleotides are wound around each other to form a double Helix.
  • The DNA code guides the production of proteins that carry out and control the many activities within the cell.
  • When a cell divides new DNA synthesised.
  • Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous
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14
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A
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