Bio Living world Flashcards
Bio Diversity
The number and types of organisms present on earth
Nomenclature
The standardized naming system of organisms such that a particular organism has a common name known by all over the world
Identification
nomenclature is only possible when an organism is correctly described and we know what organism the name is attached to
ICBN
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
For the naming of plants on the basis of their characters and principles
ICZN
International code of Zoological Nomenclature
Animal Taxonomists evolved ICZN for the naming of Animals
Naming
The name consists of two components the first being the Biological name the other being the specific epithet
Imp points
They are given by biologists
they are universally accepted
ensured that each organism has its own name and ensures that no organism has the name as another
Based on principles and characters
Universal Rules of nomenclature
The words are in Latin or derived from Latin irrespective of their origin and they are written in Italics
The first component of the word depicts the genus and the second the specific epithet or the species
the first letter of the genus depicting word is uppercase and the word depicting specific epithet always in lower case
When handwritten the components are underlined separately or printed in italics
Classification
Classification is the process of grouping organisms in convenient categories based on their characters
this in scientific term is known as Taxa
Taxa indicates categories in different levels
TAXONOMY
Taxonomy is the process of classifying organisms into different taxa based on characters
it is the branch of biology where the organisms are placed in different taxonomic categories
Steps of Taxonomy
Characterization
Identification
Classification
Nomenclature
Systematics
Derived from the Latin word systema meaning organizing organisms in a systematic manner
It was first introduced by Carolus Linnaeus
in his publication Systema Nature
Steps of taxonomy and phylogeny together depict systematics
Phylogeny
Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary Relation between the organisms
Taxonomic categories
Classification is not a single stepped process it involves a hierarchy of steps
each step represents a rank or category
the rank
These ranks are an overall part of taxonomic arrangement and thus are called taxonomic categories
Taxonomic Hierarchy
The ranks together form a structured classification system known as taxonomic Hierarchy
Taxon
A taxon is a specific unit at any rank of hierarchy
Species
a group of organisms that have fundamental similarities
each species have morphological differences
Genus
A group of related species that have more common characters compared to species of other genera
Family
A group of related genera with still less no of similarities than species and genus
they are characterised based on vegetative as well as reproductive properties
Order
They are identifies of the basis of aggregates of characters
They are assemblage of families with fewer similarities
They have lesser similarities compared to different genera in the family
Class
Includes related orders
Division/ Phylum
Phylum : they are animals with notochord and dorsal hollow neural structure are placed in higher categories called phylum
and as for plants plants with lesser similarities are placed in a higher category called the division
Kingdom
The highest category
All animals of different phyla are assigned to a higher category called kingdom Animalia
All plants of various divisions are assigned to a higher category called kingdom plantae
