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bio 101 lecture 1 > bio lecture 2 > Flashcards

bio lecture 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

matter

A

anything that takes up space and has mass

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2
Q

element

A

a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

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3
Q

compound

A

a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

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4
Q

Neutrons

A

no electrical charge

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5
Q

atom

A

is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

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6
Q

Protons

A

positive charge

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7
Q

Electrons

A

negative charge: form a ”cloud” around the nucleus

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8
Q

atomic number

A

is the number of protons in its nucleus

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9
Q

mass number

A

protons + neutrons in the nucleus

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10
Q

Atomic mass

A

the total mass of an atom, which is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons

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11
Q

Isotopes

A

atoms of the same element that contain an identical number of protons, but a different number of neutrons

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12
Q

Radioactive isotopes

A

atoms that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons, or excess energy in their nucleus.

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13
Q

potential energy

A

the energy that an object stores due to its position or internal structure, and has the ability to do work

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13
Q

Energy

A

the capacity to cause change

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14
Q
A

a group of electrons in an atom that are grouped around the nucleus according to their energy

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15
Q

Valence electrons

A

are those that occupy the valence shell (FIX LATER)

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16
Q

single bond

A

one pair of electrons shared, indicated by a single line between the atoms: H—H

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17
Q

Double bond

A

2 pairs of electrons shared, indicated by a double line between atoms
0==0

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18
Q

Covalent bond

A

atom shares electron with each other

19
Q

Electronegativity

A

is an atom’s attraction for the electrons of a covalent bond

20
Q

nonpolar covalent bond

A

atoms share the electrons equally

21
Q

polar covalent bond

A

one atom is more electronegative; atoms do not share the electron equally. causes a partial positive or negative charge for each atom or molecule

22
Q

ionic bond

A

attractions between positive charge ion and a negative charge ion.

23
Q

cation

A

a positively charged ion

24
Q

anion

A

a negatively charged ion

25
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

forms when the hydrogen plus charge atom is attracted to a negative charge atom such as oxygen or nitrogen atom

26
Q

van der Waals interactions

A

occur only when atoms and molecules are very close together

27
Q

Chemical reactions

A

the making and breaking of chemical bonds

28
Q

reactants

A

the starting molecules of a chemical reaction

29
Q

products

A

The final molecules of a chemical reaction

30
Q

polar molecules

A

a molecule in which one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end is slightly negative.

31
Q

cohesion

A

attraction of molecules to the same kind

32
Q

surface tension

A

how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid

33
Q

adhesion

A

the attraction between 2 different substances

34
Q

Kinetic energy

A

the energy of motion

35
Q

Thermal energy

A

a measure of the total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion

36
Q

Temperature

A

represents the average kinetic energy of molecules

37
Q

Specific heat

A

amount of heat must be absorbed/lost for 1 g of substance to change its temp by 1C

38
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

is the heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g to be converted to gas

39
Q

solution

A

a homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent.

40
Q

solvent

A

is the dissolving agent of a solution

41
Q

solute

A

the substance that is dissolved

42
Q

aqueous solution

A

one in which water is the solvent

43
Q

hydrophilic

A

ones agility to interact with water. ex: mix or dissolve

44
Q

hydrophobic

A

can’t interact with water tending to repel water

bio 101 lecture 1 (2 decks)

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