bio lab terms 1

Question 1

Animalia

Answer 1

A eukaryotic kingdom of the domain Eukarya that encompasses those organisms called animals. Animals are multicellular heterotrophs with cells that lack cell walls

Question 2

Autotroph

Answer 2

an organism that has a metabolic pathway that use energy either from inorganic molecules or light to make organic molecules.

Question 3

Archaea

Answer 3

one of the three domains of life that encompasses those one celled organisms called archaeans.

Question 4

Bacteria

Answer 4

one of the three domains of life that encompasses those one celled organisms called bacteria

Question 5

Biological Classification

Answer 5

is a system for comparing and grouping organisms, and the naming of those groups

Question 6

cell

Answer 6

the simplest unit of a living organism

Question 7

Cell wall

Answer 7

a relatively rigid, porous, structure located outside the plasma membrane of prokaryotic plant, fungal, and certain protists cells; provides support and protection

Question 8

cilium

Answer 8

membrane bound organelle attached to the cell membrane that can be motile or non motile

Question 9

Chloroplast

Answer 9

plastids found in plant and algal cells that carry out photosynthesis

Question 10

cytoplasm

Answer 10

the region of the cell that is contained within the plasma membrane

Question 11

Cytoskeletan

Answer 11

in eukaryotes, a network of three different types of protein filaments in the cytosol called microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments

Question 12

Cytosol

Answer 12

the semifluid portion of the cytoplasm

Question 12

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

the transportation system of the eukaryotic cell and has many other important functions such as protein folding. Smoothlacks ribosomes and helps synthesize and concentrate various lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids needed by the cell. Rough studded with protein manufacturing ribosome.

Question 13

Flagellum

Answer 13

relatively long cell appendages that facilitate cellular movement or the movement of extracellular fluid

Question 14

Golgi apparatus

Answer 14

a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport

Question 15

lysosome

Answer 15

a membrane bound organelle found in many animal cells. They are spherical vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down many kinds of biomolecules. A lysosome has a specific composition, of both its membrane proteins, and its lumenal proteins

Question 16

Microtubules

Answer 16

protein structure that moves chromosomes around during mitosis and meiosis

Question 17

Mitochondrion

Answer 17

organelle found in eukaryotic cells that supply most of a cells ATP

Question 18

Nucleus

Answer 18

cell structure that houses DNA; found in eukayotes

Question 18

Nuclear envelope

Answer 18

a double membrane structure that encloses the cells nucleus

Question 19

Nucleolus

Answer 19

a prominent region in the nucleus of nondividing cells where ribosome assembly occurs

Question 20

Organelle

Answer 20

a subcellular structure or membrane bound compartment with its own unique structure and function

Question 21

peroxisomes

Answer 21

small membrane enclosed organelles found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells that contain enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic reactions, including several aspects of energy metabolism

Question 22

Plasma membrane

Answer 22

the bio membrane that separates the internal contents of a cell from its external environment

Question 23

Pseudopod

Answer 23

a part that temporarily sticks out of the protoplasm of some organisms that have only one cell, used for movement and to get food

Question 24

Vacuole

Answer 24

a space that contains air or liquid inside a living cell, often storing an important chemical or food stubstance

Question 24

Ribosome

Answer 24

a structure composed of proteins and rRNA that provides the site where polypeptide synthesis occurs

Question 25

desmosomes

Answer 25

intercellular junctions/bridges that mediate cell-cell adhesion and anchor the intermediate filament network to the plasma membrane, providing mechanical resilience to tissues and act as mediators of cell signaling important for proper cell and tissue functions

Question 26

domain

Answer 26

one of the three major categories of life; Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Question 27

Eukaryote

Answer 27

one of the three categories into wich all forms of life can be placed. The distinguishing feature of eukaryotes is cell compartmentalization, including a cell nucleus, includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals

Question 28

Genus

Answer 28

a taxonomic category ranking used in biological classification that is below family and above species

Question 29

habitat

Answer 29

place where an organism lives

Question 30

heterotroph

Answer 30

organism that cannot produce their own organic molecules and thus must obtain organic food from other orgnisms

Question 31

interstitial cells

Answer 31

any cell that lies in the spaces between the functional cells of a tissue

Question 32

kingdom

Answer 32

a taxonomic group; the second largest after domain

Question 33

Life

Answer 33

a monophyletic group that includes all know organisms. Characterized by a nucleic acid based genetic system, metabolism, and cellular structure. some parasitic forms have secondarily lost some of these features and rely on the cellular environment of their host

Question 34

Microscope