Bio Lab Practical-Rate

Question 1

Anterior

Answer 1

pertaining to the head end (cephalic) or the part that moves forward

Question 2

Posterior

Answer 2

pertaining to the tail end (caudal) or the rear

Question 3

Ventral

Answer 3

pertaining to the belly; in quadrupeds, the nether surface or underside of the body; in humans, pertaining to front side of the body

Question 4

Dorsal

Answer 4

pertaining to the back portion of a structure

Question 5

Medial

Answer 5

pertaining to the middle

Question 6

Lateral

Answer 6

away from the midline (to the side)

Question 7

Distal

Answer 7

farthest from the center, from a medial line/trunk, away from the point of origin

Question 8

Nares

Answer 8

nostril

Question 9

Whiskers

Answer 9

tactile, adapted for navigation tight spaces

Question 10

eyes

Answer 10

located on each side of the head, sub-optimal depth perception

Question 11

Pinnae

Answer 11

external ear
Located anterior/dorsally from the eyes, higher on the sagittal plane

Question 12

Jaw

Answer 12

unable to open without cutting because no ATP to move muscles

Question 13

Teeth

Answer 13

20 in total
Incisors: sharp teeth meant for cutting
Molars in back meant for chewing/grinding

Question 14

Hard Palate

Answer 14

separates mouth from nasal cavity

Question 15

Papille

Answer 15

taste buds

Question 16

scrotal sacs

Answer 16

Males only; hold sperm

Question 17

urogenital aperture

Answer 17

base of the scrotal sacs, at the distal end of the penis

Question 18

Penis

Answer 18

normally in its sheath

Question 19

Vaginal orfice

Answer 19

females only

Question 20

Urinary elevation

Answer 20

anterior to vaginal orifice

Question 21

Hindlimb

Answer 21

: fibula, tibia, femur, pes
Homologous: common DNA/structures
Rat walks on its soles
Thumb: no thumb, vestigial remnant present
4 fingers, 5 toes

Question 21

Forelimb

Answer 21

radius, ulna, humerus, manus

Question 22

Mammary Glands

Answer 22

: lobular, inside surface of skin under nipples, surrounded by adipose tissue

Question 23

Adipose tissue:

Answer 23

body fat, stores energy

Question 24

Submaxillary gland:

Answer 24

Parotid Salivary Glands: makes saliva Saliva helps break down food in the mouth (salivary amylase)

Question 25

Lymph Nodes

Answer 25

: filter lymphatic fluid, entrap lymphocytes, microorganisms and other debris in the lymph before reentry into circulatory system Humans have lymph nodes in same area Swell during infection due to influx of white blood cells fighting off bacteria

Question 26

Infra-orbital lachrymal gland:

Answer 26

produces tears Tears keep eyes wet and smooth, helps focus, protects from infection and dirt

Question 27

Sternum

Answer 27

breastbone Ends in Xiphisternum: white flattened paddle-like cartilage

Question 28

Diaphram

Answer 28

controls the volume of the lungs; lungs expand when diaphragm contracts and deflates when diaphragm relaxes

Question 29

Esophagus:

Answer 29

canal that connects the throat to the stomach

Question 30

Stomach

Answer 30

organ where food is broken down

Question 31

ribs

Answer 31

protect the heart and lungs

Question 32

trachea

Answer 32

windpipe, connects throat to lungs for gas exchange Hard and ribbed compared to esophagus

Question 33

thymus

Answer 33

production and maturation of immune cells

Question 34

lungs

Answer 34

4 lobes on the right, 1 lobe on the left

Question 35

Heart

Answer 35

Wrapped in pericardium: thin tissue layer that isolates heart from the rest of the organs Auricles: ear-like flaps emanating from upper reaches of heart In rodents, comprise most of the atria Aorta: at the top of than heart, dyed pink Thicker wall then vena cava Pulmonary trunk: between the 2 atria, brown, transports blood from heart to lungs Ventricles: Left ventricle wall thicker than right Vena Cava: delivers blood from body to heart Anterior vena cava: splits into 2, left and right side above heart Posterior vena cava: No mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood- more efficient Organisms that mix blood: amphibians, less efficient

Question 36

Artery

Answer 36

Distinguishable by wall thickness (artery has thicker walls)