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Bio > Bio Lab Practical-Rate > Flashcards

Bio Lab Practical-Rate Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anterior

A

pertaining to the head end (cephalic) or the part that moves forward

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2
Q

Posterior

A

pertaining to the tail end (caudal) or the rear

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3
Q

Ventral

A

pertaining to the belly; in quadrupeds, the nether surface or underside of the body; in humans, pertaining to front side of the body

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4
Q

Dorsal

A

pertaining to the back portion of a structure

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5
Q

Medial

A

pertaining to the middle

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6
Q

Lateral

A

away from the midline (to the side)

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7
Q

Distal

A

farthest from the center, from a medial line/trunk, away from the point of origin

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8
Q

Nares

A

nostril

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9
Q

Whiskers

A

tactile, adapted for navigation tight spaces

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10
Q

eyes

A

located on each side of the head, sub-optimal depth perception

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11
Q

Pinnae

A

external ear
Located anterior/dorsally from the eyes, higher on the sagittal plane

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12
Q

Jaw

A

unable to open without cutting because no ATP to move muscles

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13
Q

Teeth

A

20 in total
Incisors: sharp teeth meant for cutting
Molars in back meant for chewing/grinding

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14
Q

Hard Palate

A

separates mouth from nasal cavity

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15
Q

Papille

A

taste buds

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16
Q

scrotal sacs

A

Males only; hold sperm

17
Q

urogenital aperture

A

base of the scrotal sacs, at the distal end of the penis

18
Q

Penis

A

normally in its sheath

19
Q

Vaginal orfice

A

females only

20
Q

Urinary elevation

A

anterior to vaginal orifice

21
Q

Hindlimb

A

: fibula, tibia, femur, pes
Homologous: common DNA/structures
Rat walks on its soles
Thumb: no thumb, vestigial remnant present
4 fingers, 5 toes

21
Q

Forelimb

A

radius, ulna, humerus, manus

22
Q

Mammary Glands

A

: lobular, inside surface of skin under nipples, surrounded by adipose tissue

23
Q

Adipose tissue:

A

body fat, stores energy

24
Q

Submaxillary gland:

A

Parotid Salivary Glands: makes saliva
Saliva helps break down food in the mouth (salivary amylase)

25
Q

Lymph Nodes

A

: filter lymphatic fluid, entrap lymphocytes, microorganisms and other debris in the lymph before reentry into circulatory system
Humans have lymph nodes in same area
Swell during infection due to influx of white blood cells fighting off bacteria

26
Q

Infra-orbital lachrymal gland:

A

produces tears
Tears keep eyes wet and smooth, helps focus, protects from infection and dirt

27
Q

Sternum

A

breastbone
Ends in Xiphisternum: white flattened paddle-like cartilage

28
Q

Diaphram

A

controls the volume of the lungs; lungs expand when diaphragm contracts and deflates when diaphragm relaxes

29
Q

Esophagus:

A

canal that connects the throat to the stomach

30
Q

Stomach

A

organ where food is broken down

31
Q

ribs

A

protect the heart and lungs

32
Q

trachea

A

windpipe, connects throat to lungs for gas exchange
Hard and ribbed compared to esophagus

33
Q

thymus

A

production and maturation of immune cells

34
Q

lungs

A

4 lobes on the right, 1 lobe on the left

35
Q

Heart

A

Wrapped in pericardium: thin tissue layer that isolates heart from the rest of the organs
Auricles: ear-like flaps emanating from upper reaches of heart
In rodents, comprise most of the atria
Aorta: at the top of than heart, dyed pink
Thicker wall then vena cava
Pulmonary trunk: between the 2 atria, brown, transports blood from heart to lungs
Ventricles:
Left ventricle wall thicker than right
Vena Cava: delivers blood from body to heart
Anterior vena cava: splits into 2, left and right side above heart
Posterior vena cava:
No mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood- more efficient
Organisms that mix blood: amphibians, less efficient

36
Q

Artery

A

Distinguishable by wall thickness (artery has thicker walls)

37
Q
A

Bio (3 decks)

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