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biology 115 (Stern) > bio lab midterm (2) > Flashcards

bio lab midterm (2) Flashcards

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1
Q

what gets disposed in tip waste?

A

gloves, sterile disposable pipets, microfuge tubes, blue and yellow pipet tips

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2
Q

where do sharp objects get disposed of?

A

razor blades go into the red sharps containers near lab sinks

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3
Q

where does broken glass get disposed of?

A

report all broken glass to your TA. the waste will go into the blue and white broken glass boxes near the door

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4
Q

where does ethidium bromide waste get disposed of?

A

special waste container

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5
Q

why is EtBr considered a mutagen?

A

because it is able to intercalate into DNA. gloves should be worn at all times when handling EtBr

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6
Q

where does chemical waste get disposed of?

A

there are some chemicals you will use this semester that need to be disposed in a specific waste container. this waste container will be stored in the hood.

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7
Q

where is bacteria culture waste disposed of?

A

it is harmful to dump this waster down the sink, so you will remove all markings from your tubes and put this waste in a specific location. the locs will put this waste into an autoclave before disposing of it

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8
Q

what is an autoclave?

A

a machine that sterilizes wtv is put into it with high pressure, heat, and/or steam

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9
Q

where are bacteria plates and waste disposed of?

A

medical waste bin

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10
Q

how do you label a sample during lab?

A

section, group, initials, and descp.

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11
Q

where do you label a petri dish?

A

always label the bottom of the dish bc lids can be switched!

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12
Q

how are documents labeled?

A

section number, group number, initials, assignment

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13
Q

what is an assay?

A

a tool used in science that helps to quantitatively measure the amnt of a single part of a total sample

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14
Q

how does a labquest 2 and vernier work?

A

the system facilitates the collection of data by replacing chem. techniques, providing real time graphical presentations, and saving info directly in an electronic form

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15
Q

what is excel used for?

A

simplifies the identification and description of patterns or relationships thru its graphing and calculation functions. computers and associated software facilitate the collection and analysis of data so that patters and relationships can be discovered, described, and verified

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16
Q

what is the meter screen on the labquest used for?

A

to measure discrete values, calibrate probes, as well as set up collection parameters

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17
Q

what is the meter screen on the labquest used for?

A

to measure discrete values, calibrate probes, as well as set up collection parameters

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18
Q

what is the graph screen on the labquest used for?

A

to monitor data collection as well as determine simple statistical data info such as the avg for a select data sample.

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19
Q

what is the table screen on the lab quest used for?

A

to see an overview of your collected data values in table format

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20
Q

what does accuracy mean?

A

how close a measurement is to its true value

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21
Q

what does precision mean?

A

the ability to repeatedly measure a value in a fixed situation and get the same results.

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22
Q

how do you keep pipet tips sterile?

A

throw them out after use, they are no longer sterile. once the pipet tip has touched the bench, hands, sleeve, it is no longer sterile and should be throw away

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23
Q

what can affect the activity of proteins?

A

the activity of proteins is very often dependent on the pH, salt concentrations, and temp of the reaction mixture

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24
Q

what is a buffer?

A

an aqueous solution containing a specific mixture of salts, buffering agents, and sometimes reducing agents, detergents or cofactors, in which each of the components has a purpose and is included to optimize the reaction. buffers are extremely important in helping to maintain the pH of a solution.

25
Q

what is stock solution?

A

concentrated solutions that last over long periods of time. such concentrated stock solutions take up less space. in addition, these stocks are easily diluted for use when necessary. stock solutions are usually diluted with water.

26
Q

what is the eq. used to make a specific volume of dilute solution from a stock solution?

A

c1v1=c2v2

27
Q

what is the dilution factor?

A

the factor by which the concentration of the dilute solution is reduced compared to the concentrate of the stock solution

28
Q

how do you calculate the df?

A

df = c1/c2=v2/v1

29
Q

what is a serial dilution?

A

a stepwise dilution where the stock solution for each dilution in the series is the dilute solution from previous dilution.

30
Q

what is the total dilution factor?

A

the product of the dilution factors for each dilution step

31
Q

what is a spectrovis?

A

a spectrophometer

32
Q

what is a spectrophometer?

A

a machine that can measure absorbance or transmittance of a pigmented solution and biologists commonly us them to quantify the concentration of materials in a solution

33
Q

how does a spectrophotometer work?

A

the instrument produces a beam of light with a specific wavelength that passes thru the sample before entering a photometer that measure the amnt of light. this measurement is transformed electronically to a reading on a meter quantifying the amt of light absorbed.

34
Q

what is imp abt the absorbance and concentration of a sample?

A

the absorbance of a sample is directly proportional to the concentration of material in the sample

35
Q

why are standard used?

A

standards have a known amnt of material being assayed and are used to calculate the amnt of material in the unknowns

36
Q

what is one way to determine the concentration of an unknown sample?

A

cs/cu=as/au

37
Q

whats another way to determine the concentration of an unknown sample?

A

making a standard curve

38
Q

what is a standard curve?

A

a tool that scientists use to determine the unknown concentration of a sample

39
Q

how is a standard curve generated?

A

by measuring the absorbance of a series of standards and graphing the absorbance as a function of concentration. the unknown concentration of a sample can be determined by the interpolation on the graph

40
Q

what is the blank?

A

a sample that is used to calibrate zero absorbance on the spectrophotometer

41
Q

what is a cuvette?

A

a small tube used to hold samples for measurements with a spectrophotometer

42
Q

how should the cuvette be oriented in the spectrovis?

A

the cuvette should be oriented toward the arrow on the spectrovis cuvette holder when placing the cuvette in the spectrovis

43
Q

what happens if the cuvette is not oriented in the spectrovis correctly?

A

failure to orient the spectrovis prop. will result in erroneous measurements

44
Q

how far must the cuvette be filled to obtain an accurate measurement with the spectrovis?

A

at least 1mL

45
Q

what is linear regression?

A

a statistical method for modeling the relationship btwn two variables, x and y.

46
Q

what is a linear trendline?

A

a straight line is best fit to the data points by minimizing the deviation of the data points from the line.

47
Q

what is the r-squared value?

A

provides a measure of how well the linear trendline fits the data. 1 indicated a perfect match. 0 indicated there is no relationship btwn the values x and y.

48
Q

what is needed when creating a graph?

A

a title, labels on all axes, and a legend. a key is optional.

49
Q

what is proper graph format?

A

the independent variable is plotted on the x axis while the dependent variable is plotted on the y axis. you determine which variable is why by considering which one depends on the value of the other.

50
Q

what is a legend?

A

an explanatory paragraph that summarizes the content of the figure, not just an identifier for objects on a figure (a key)

51
Q

what is discovery science?

A

uses large amnts of data or surveys of natural systems to discover patterns and correlations. discovery sciences may be considered as the 1st step of hypothesis driven science

52
Q

what is hypothesis-driven science?

A

utilizes what is generally referred to as the scientific method, a series of steps a scientist uses to develop knowledge

53
Q

what is a hypothesis?

A

when a pattern is identified a scientist desires to understand its cause. a statement that purpots to explains the cause of pattern or relationship is a scientific hypothesis.

54
Q

what are the steps of the scientific method?

A
  1. the problem or observation
  2. collection of background info
  3. state the hypothesis using inductive reasoning
  4. state predictions using deductive reasoning
  5. test predictions
  6. draw conclusions
  7. report conclusions
55
Q

what happens if even one prediction is wrong?

A

if any prediction is wrong, then logically there is something wrong with the hypothesis. for the hypothesis to be accepted none of the predictions can be incorrect.

56
Q

what happens if all of the predictions are right?

A

the hypothesis is likely to be correct, however, it has not been proven correct

57
Q

what are three variables must be considered in experimental design?

A

the independent variable, dependent variable, and controlled

58
Q

what is the independent variable?

A

the parameter that is changed by the researcher

59
Q
A

biology 115 (Stern) (4 decks)

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