Bio Lab Midterm Flashcards
Hypotheis
testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables
prediction
statement forecasting what would be observed under specific conditions
independent variable
a variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure
dependent variable
what is being measured in an experiment or evaluated in a mathematical equation
positive control
group in an experiment that receives a treatment with a known result, and therefore should show a particular change during the experiment.
negative control
particular samples included in the experiment that are treated the same as all the others but are not expected to change from any variable in the experiment.
Fahrenheit to Celsius
fahrenheit-32*5/9
Celsius to Fahrenheit
Celsius*9/5+32
hydrogen bonds
attractive force between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom
polarity
the property of being polar
cohesion
water to water
adhesion
water to polar surface
surface tension
the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimize surface area.
capillary action
the process of a liquid flowing in a narrow space without the assistance of, or even in opposition to, any external forces like gravity.
universal solvent
(water) capable of dissolving more substances than any other liquid.
density
substance’s mass per unit of volume.
carbohydrates
biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
lipids
biomolecule that is only soluble in nonpolar solvents.
proteins
large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
nucleic acids
biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
monosaccharides
simple sugars, are the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units from which all carbohydrates are built.
disaccharides
formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage.
polysaccharides
most abundant carbohydrates found in food. They are long chain polymeric carbohydrates composed of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages.
fatty acids
a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.
triglycerides
an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids.
phospholipids
a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic “head” containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic “tails” derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue.
steroids
Any of a group of lipids (fats) that have a certain chemical structure.
amino acids
molecules that combine to form proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life.
polypeptides
A molecule that contains two or more amino acids
nucleotides
a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
DNA
molecule inside cells that contains the genetic information responsible for the development and function of an organism.
RNA
a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA. (single stranded)
lactase vs lactose
Lactase breaks down the lactose in food so your body can absorb it.
lactase when chilled on ice
the reactions occurred, but at a slower rate
lactase when heated
increased rate of reactions
lactase when boiled
all reactions stop
glucose positive (2 answers)
lactaid milk and 1% glucose
why is there no glucose in regular milk
they have lactose sugar
why is there glucose in the lactaid milk
lactose sugar has already been broken down into glucose+galactose
why does testing for glucose tell you that the lactase enzyme is working
the disaccharide lactose is broken into the monosaccharide glucose+galactose
