Bio Lab Midterm

Question 1

Hypotheis

Answer 1

testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables

Question 2

prediction

Answer 2

statement forecasting what would be observed under specific conditions

Question 3

independent variable

Answer 3

a variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure

Question 4

dependent variable

Answer 4

what is being measured in an experiment or evaluated in a mathematical equation

Question 5

positive control

Answer 5

group in an experiment that receives a treatment with a known result, and therefore should show a particular change during the experiment.

Question 6

negative control

Answer 6

particular samples included in the experiment that are treated the same as all the others but are not expected to change from any variable in the experiment.

Question 7

Fahrenheit to Celsius

Answer 7

fahrenheit-32*5/9

Question 8

Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 8

Celsius*9/5+32

Question 9

hydrogen bonds

Answer 9

attractive force between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom

Question 10

polarity

Answer 10

the property of being polar

Question 11

cohesion

Answer 11

water to water

Question 12

adhesion

Answer 12

water to polar surface

Question 13

surface tension

Answer 13

the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimize surface area.

Question 14

capillary action

Answer 14

the process of a liquid flowing in a narrow space without the assistance of, or even in opposition to, any external forces like gravity.

Question 15

universal solvent

Answer 15

(water) capable of dissolving more substances than any other liquid.

Question 16

density

Answer 16

substance’s mass per unit of volume.

Question 17

carbohydrates

Answer 17

biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

Question 18

lipids

Answer 18

biomolecule that is only soluble in nonpolar solvents.

Question 19

proteins

Answer 19

large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

Question 20

nucleic acids

Answer 20

biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.

Question 21

monosaccharides

Answer 21

simple sugars, are the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units from which all carbohydrates are built.

Question 22

disaccharides

Answer 22

formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage.

Question 23

polysaccharides

Answer 23

most abundant carbohydrates found in food. They are long chain polymeric carbohydrates composed of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages.

Question 24

fatty acids

Answer 24

a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.

Question 25

triglycerides

Answer 25

an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids.

Question 26

phospholipids

Answer 26

a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic “head” containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic “tails” derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue.

Question 27

steroids

Answer 27

Any of a group of lipids (fats) that have a certain chemical structure.

Question 28

amino acids

Answer 28

molecules that combine to form proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life.

Question 29

polypeptides

Answer 29

A molecule that contains two or more amino acids

Question 30

nucleotides

Answer 30

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.

Question 31

DNA

Answer 31

molecule inside cells that contains the genetic information responsible for the development and function of an organism.

Question 32

RNA

Answer 32

a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA. (single stranded)

Question 33

lactase vs lactose

Answer 33

Lactase breaks down the lactose in food so your body can absorb it.

Question 34

lactase when chilled on ice

Answer 34

the reactions occurred, but at a slower rate

Question 35

lactase when heated

Answer 35

increased rate of reactions

Question 36

lactase when boiled

Answer 36

all reactions stop

Question 37

glucose positive (2 answers)

Answer 37

lactaid milk and 1% glucose

Question 38

why is there no glucose in regular milk

Answer 38

they have lactose sugar

Question 39

why is there glucose in the lactaid milk

Answer 39

lactose sugar has already been broken down into glucose+galactose

Question 40

why does testing for glucose tell you that the lactase enzyme is working

Answer 40

the disaccharide lactose is broken into the monosaccharide glucose+galactose