bio lab midterm

Question 1

inductive reasoning

Answer 1

describes general principles from a large number of observations

Question 2

deductive reasoning

Answer 2

involves the use of prediction and predictions that can be tested

Question 3

discovery science

Answer 3

describes a phenomenon

uses inductive reasoning

Question 4

Hypothesis-driven science

Answer 4

uses the scientific method

hypothetico-deductive reasoning

Question 5

steps of the scientific method

Answer 5

1. observation
2. from a question
3. develop a testable hypothesis
4. experiment
5. conclusions

Question 6

variable

Answer 6

the single condition being changed

Question 7

control

Answer 7

standard for comparison

Question 8

invariables

Answer 8

things held the same for all parts of the experiment

Question 9

raw data

Answer 9

measurements as they are collected at the end of an experiment

Question 10

processing data

Answer 10

to put in order by grouping measurements that are the same and ranking the measurements in increasing or decreasing order (no data is discarded)

Question 11

presenting data

Answer 11

processed data used to create a table or graph

Question 12

mean

Answer 12

average

Question 13

median

Answer 13

middle most value

Question 14

mode

Answer 14

most frequent value

Question 15

light microscope

Answer 15

visible light is passed through the specimen and then through glass lenses

Question 16

electron microscope

Answer 16

focuses a beam of electrons through a specimen or on its surface

Question 17

scanning electron microscope

Answer 17

used to study the detailed architecture of cell surfaces

Question 18

transmission electron microscope

Answer 18

used to study the details of internal cell structures

Question 19

magnification

Answer 19

increase in an object’s image size compared to actual size

Question 20

magnifying power

Answer 20

is obtained by multiplying the power of the ocular times the power of the objective

total magnification

Question 21

resolution

Answer 21

measure of an image’s clarity, the minimum distance between two objects that allows them to be seen as separate

Question 22

lens system

Answer 22

limits of resolution (ability to distinguish between small structures)

Question 23

contrast

Answer 23

how well an object stands out from its back ground

Question 24

metric system

Answer 24

international system of units

Question 25

hydrogen bonds

Answer 25

H-bonds are weak attractions between positive and negative parts of molecules (are strong collectively)

Question 26

solute

Answer 26

dissolves in water

Question 27

solvent

Answer 27

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

Question 28

surface tension

Answer 28

the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid

Question 29

to float

Answer 29

to displace an amount of liquid equal to the mass of the object being floated without having to immerse the object entirely before the balance displacement is reached

Question 30

acid

acidity

Answer 30

a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution (pH below 7)

Question 31

base

(alkaline)

Answer 31

compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution (pH above 7)

Question 32

acid precipitation

Answer 32

a result of air pollution that contaminates snow, dew, fog, ect.

(wet forms of acid deposition)

Question 33

acid deposition

Answer 33

any process that causes acid molecules in solution to fall from the atmosphere

Question 34

bio-magnification

Answer 34

accumulation of pollutants at levels further along the food chain

Question 35

buffers

Answer 35

substances that stabilize pH by absorbing any protons (H+) that may be added to a solution

Question 36

limestone

Answer 36

one of natures buffers

Question 37

hyponatremia

Answer 37

results from the lowering of the level of salt in a person’s cells

Question 38

brownian movement

Answer 38

is the random movement of particles suspended in a liquid or gas

Question 39

increase of liquid or gas temperature

Answer 39

moves the particles faster

Question 40

diffusion

Answer 40

the net movement of like molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

results in an even distribution

Question 41

osmosis

Answer 41

the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

Question 42

photosynthesis

Answer 42

Plants use the sun’s energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen

Question 43

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 43

states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another