Bio Lab Exam #2 Flashcards
The habitat for chytrids is
Aquatic
What three characteristics distinguish chytrids from other fungi d
Flagellated zoospores, cannot form true mycelium, have a aseptate hyphae
How are zygometous fungi similar to chytrids
They aseptate hyphae
Describe sexual reproduction in zygomecetes
Zygosporangium formed by plasmogamy of two types of stains (+ -) they act like gametophytes
What is a common example of zygomycetes
Bread mold
What do phylum glomermycota form with vascular plants
Arbuscular mycorrhizae
Describe the relationship between glomerulomycetous
Plants provide fungus with carbs and then fungi acts as roots for the plant giving it water and nutrients
Sac and club fungi hyphae are divided by what
Septa
Describe the fruiting body of the ascomycetous
Sexually produced spores are called ascospores, they are produced in the sporangium called the ascus. Asci aggregate along the inner surface, 8 ascus will form
List 3 features of yeasts
Unicellular, lack ascocarp, reproduce by budding
Describe the composition of lichen
Made from green algae or Cyanobacteria and a fungus
What is the bushy growth of lichen
Fruticose
What is the leafy growth of lichen
Foliose
What is the encrusting growth of lichen
Crustose
What are the 4 clauses within non flowering plants
Conifers, Gingko, Cycans, gnetophytes
What do dioecious and monoecious mean
Dioecious - male and female plants
Monoecious- one plant has both reproductive tissue
What is the growth form, leaf type, reproductive structure of gingko
Gymnosperm
Male- pollen cone
Female- no strobili, have two ovules at branch stalk
Leaves are megaphylls
Cycads growth form, leaf type, and reproductive structure
Gymnosperm
Leaves- megaphyll
Male- cone strobilus
Female-strobili
How is pollen dispersed
Wind
Flowers consist of modified
Leaves
Mono or flowers are arranged in multiples of what
Multiples of 3
Eudicots arranged arrange in multiples of what
4-5
Fruits are mature
Ovaries
Seeds are mature
Ovules
What is a simple fruit
From one ovary of one flower
What is an Aggregate
Forms from more then one ovary of one flower
What is a multiple fruit
Forms from many fruits
Phylum Bryophyta has three main groups, name them
Liverworts, hornwort, mosses
Is sporophyte vascular or non vascular
Vascular
Is gametophyte vascular or non vascular
Non vascular
Are clubs mosses, mosses, ferns, whisk ferns and horse tails homospory
All except club mosses
Are clubs mosses, mosses, ferns, whisk ferns and horse tails heterospory
Club mosses
Are clubs mosses, mosses, ferns, whisk ferns and horse tails have megaphyll
Ferns, whisk fern, horse tail
Do clubs mosses, mosses, ferns, whisk ferns and horse lack true leaves
All except mosses
Do clubs mosses, mosses, ferns, whisk ferns and horse tails have microphylls
Mosses and club mosses
What is 3 uses for sphagnum
Wound coverings
Feminine hygiene products
Diapers
What are enations and that plants have them
Out growths on plants instead of leaves, found in whisk ferns
What are elaters and what plant are they found in
They cause the spore to push apart and leave the sporangium
What is an annelid
A segmented worm
What is an arthropod
Means jointed legs
Describe the digestive system of an earth worm and does it like up with segments
Mouth at one end anus at the other,
Digestive system does not line up w/ segments
Has specialized regions
Describe the nervous system of an earth worm and does it like up with segments
Nerve Cord runs ventricular along the surface, have a ring of nerves around the mouth
Describe the excretory system of an earth worm and does it like up with segments
There is a nephridia ( kidney like organ) in each segment
What is the crop and gizzard
Crop-storage
Gizzard- grinds
How does the locomotion of Annelids work
Contracting side muscles allow the other side to extend moving them forward or backward , chaetae anchor them into the ground.
What is the feeding mechanism of earth worms
Muscular mouth ingests by sucking soil and vegetation, deposits indigestible materials as castings
Describe the habitats of polychaetaes and body features
Marine worms that can burrow in sand, some are sessile ( non-mobile)
Have parapodia ( paddle like ) used and fills and for locomotion
Describe a structure of polychaetes that distinguishes them from other Annelids
2 parapodia per segment
Describe a structure of hirudineans that distinguishes them from other Annelids
Suction cups at either ends
What are 2 characteristics of a skeletons of anthropoids
Made of chitin, restricts growth, provides protection, provides points for muscle attachment
How Are Arthropods segmentation different from segments of Annelids
Segments sometimes fuse and appendages become specialized
List 4 different arthropods appendage functions
Mouth parts, legs, antennae, swimming
What are the first segments of appendages of chelicerates called and their functions
Cheliceraes
Used for grasping and piercing
Do chelicerates have antennae
No
How many pairs of walking legs do chelicerates have
4
Myriapods include 2 main groups
Centipede and milipeds
Phylum Hexapoda reflects what
number of appendages
What region do wings extend from
Thorax, made from same proteins as cuticle
What is a compound eye? And what organisms have then
Detects edges and shapes but cannot make a full image
Found in insects, crustaceans, and some centipedes
What is complete metamorphism
Egg - to- larva(feeding stage) - to- pupa( dormant)- to- adult ( reproductive)
Incomplete metamorphism
Nymphs resemble adults but are smaller, go through a series of molts until they reach full size
Echinodermata means what
Spiny skin
What are krill
Zooplankton
What the skeletons of Echinodermata made from
Calcium carbonate
What symmetry do Echinoderms have?
Penta radical multiples of 5
Describe Echinoderm locomotion
Tube feet attach to solid objects and are able to bend and retract to allow movement
What are pedicellariae
Jaw like spines that protect the surface form settling larva, and help to capture prey
What is the aristotles lantern and what organism is it found in
Sea urchins, specialized for eating kelp
In arachnids what is the second segments appendage? And what does it do?
Pedipalp - handles food
List 2 advantages Platyhelminthes have due to being dorsal ventrally flattened
Provides a large surface for gas diffusion
Diffuse metabolic waste
What is the head of the tape worm specialized for
Holding onto the intestine by hooks and suckers
How do tapeworms acquire nutrients
Diffusion p
What organism lives in aquatic sediments
Nematode
What is an example of a nematode
Round worm
Is a octopus a mollusc
Yes
What is a Chiton
A flattened mollusc that has 7 or 8 overlapping plates
What is a Gastropoda
Snails, slugs, abalone
What are bivalves
Clams, oysters, scallops
What are Cephalopoda
Octopus, squid, cuttlefish, nautiluses
What is the structure and function of a radula
Is like a tooth chitinous ribbon the is specialized and able to drill through bivalve shells
What are the 4 classes of molluscs
Polyplacophoran
Cephalopod
Bivalve
Gastropoda
What is a unique characteristic of polyplacophora (chiton)
8 dorsal plates
What is a unique characteristic of gastropod (snail)
Anus and mantle are above its head
What is a unique characteristic of bivalve (clam, oysters, mussels, scallops)
Divided into left and right sides
What is a unique characteristic of Cephalopoda(squid, octopus, cuttlefish)
Well developed sensory organs/ complex
Annelids are decided into 3 classes, what are they?
Oligochaeta (earthworms)
Polychaeta (polychaete)
Hirudinea (leeches)
Arthropod has 4 main groups, what are they?
Cheliceriform- spider, horse shoe crab, scorpion, mite, tick
Modernly called arachnids
Myriapods- centipedes, millepedes
Hexapods - insects and relatives
Crustaceans - lobsters, prawns, crabs, shrimp
What is clitellum
No segmented region of earth worms, produces a viscid sac/ cocoon for egg deposits
What are the three fused body segments of arthropods
cephalothorax, abdomen, telson
Cephalothorax is a fused head+thorax
Telson is the last segment and it’s appendages
