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Bio Lab exam > Bio Lab exam > Flashcards

Bio Lab exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why can plants grow in the salt marshes

A

mineral nutrients

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2
Q

Why Are the mudflats endangered

A

agriculture

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3
Q

how does that have an effect on the species living near

A

This has important consequences for the productivity of marine ecosystems because some species feed in salt marshes at high tide.

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4
Q

Why do some plants grow in different parts the salt marshes

A

Because of differences in elevation and tidal movements, there are marked gradients in salinity and flooding and different species specialize and dominate on different parts of this gradient

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5
Q

osmoconformers

A

the concentration of the extracellular fluid changes when environmental concentration changes

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6
Q

osmoregulators

A

the extracellular fluid concentration is maintained close to a set point regardless of enviromental concentration.

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7
Q

Marine teleosts

A

96% of all current fish. When faced with conditions of increasing salinity, the number of chloride cells in the gills actually increases, enabling the fish to pump out more NaCl. When environmental conditions become more dilute, the number of chloride cells decreases.

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8
Q

What cells make mitosis

A

Diploid

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9
Q

what cells make meiosis

A

haploid

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10
Q

What are gametes

A

The haploid products of meiosis

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11
Q

when does meiosis occur

A

only in specialized germ cells in reproductive parts of the organism

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12
Q

What cells start mitosis

A

Somatic

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13
Q

Interphase mitosis

A

DNA replication occurs at this time resulting in chromosomes consisting of attached sister chromatids.

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14
Q

Prophase mitosis

A

The nuclear membrane dissolves and a spindle of assembled cytoskeletal elements (especially microtubules) begins to form.

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15
Q

Metaphase mitosis

A

The chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate, a plane which bisects the spindle axis at right angles. Spindle fibres connect the chromosome centromeres

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16
Q

Anaphase mitosis

A

Anaphase ends when the chromosomes reach the poles and stop moving.

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17
Q

telophase mitosis

A

meanwhile a new nuclear membrane is forming around the two groups of chromosomes that are at opposite poles. The chromosomes lose their distinctive appearance owing to the disappearance of the coils.

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18
Q

what is an aster

A

An aster is a radiating cluster of microtubules rranged radially around the centrioles during cell division.

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19
Q

What are chromosomes made of? what are their role

A

These are composed of nucleoprotein material (chiefly DNA and histone), and contain the genes, which are responsible for the transmission of hereditary characteristics from parent cells to their offspring. The other half of the chromosome is strings of DNA, which is the genetic information that makes up genes.

20
Q

what are the main differences between meiosis and mitosis

A

The process of meiosis involves two successive cell divisions; each of the resulting four cells has the haploid. mitosis results in two identical twin cells that are 2n

21
Q

what are two differences between plant and animal cells

A

Animal cells in the interphase possess a centriole

Cytoplasmic division in animal cells is accomplished through a cleavage furrow, not a cell plate as in plants.

22
Q

What is the difference between ‘2n’ and ‘n’.

A

2n ; 46 chromosomes

n; 23 chromosomes

23
Q

At the end of meiosis 1 are the two daughter cells haploid or diploid?

A

diploid

24
Q

9) Why is it advantageous (to the organism) to have haploid gametes?

A

haploid (n) cells, one from each parent, fuse to give rise to a zygote (2n) that will develop into a new organism. If the fusing parent cells were diploid (2n), the zygote would be tetraploid (4n).

25
Q

What is a null hypothesis

A

The null hypothesis represents random chance.

26
Q

What is an alternate hypothesis

A

product of statistically significant differences to explain why

27
Q

What does having a low confidence interval mean

A

There is no significant difference between the mean samples

28
Q

Describe and implement the steps of the scientific method

A

Observation → Question → Hypothesis

29
Q

what is central tendency

A

Mean
Median
Mode

30
Q

what is spread

A

Variance
Standard deviation
Confidence limits & confidence intervals

31
Q

Haphazard sampling

A

just wander into the forest and measure the circumference

32
Q

quadrant sampling

A

Make this point the center of a 5 by 5 meter plot and measure the circumference at breast height of each tree within the quadrat

33
Q

Plot less method

A

Have Person 2 measure each tree that appears WIDER than your thumb

34
Q

Dominant traits/conditions

A

1) Never skip a generation, 2) All affected children have

affected parents 3) Unaffected parents never have affected children

35
Q

Recessive traits/conditions

A

1) Skip generations, 2) Unaffected parents can have affected children

36
Q

Autosomal

A

Even split between affected males and affected females

37
Q

X-Linked

A

1) Almost all affected individuals will be male, 2) Affected

males cannot pass the allele to their sons

38
Q

What is the main way Mikmaq traditional knowledge is passed on

A

Shared among elders, healers or hunters

39
Q

The word traditional may be problematic. Describe why

A

Traditional knowledge is not strictly historical or material information. It changes as it gets passed down

40
Q

Cardiovascular response

A

In a fight or flight response heart rate increases as well as the strength of the contractions of the heart.

41
Q

Respiratory response

A

Respiratory rate increases; as well the depth of breathing increases. Both responses amplify the oxygen intake.

42
Q

Metabolic response

A

There is an increase in glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen to glucose) in muscles and liver to provide extra glucose for muscle cells and to supply glucose
to the blood (to transport to the rest of the body). This results in increased skeletal muscle contraction strength.

43
Q

What are four help centres

A

Math and Statistics Help
Biology Help Centre
Chemistry Help Centre
Physics Help Centre

44
Q

What hormones are released when the mind is under stress

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine.

45
Q

, the portion of the brain responsible for regulating the autonomic nervous system

A

(hypothalamus)

46
Q

what does the hypothalamus activate during stress

A

activates the adrenal medulla causing the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Bio Lab exam (1 decks)

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