Bio Lab Assessment

Question 1

Structure of Hydroxyl Group

Answer 1

-OH

Question 2

Properties of Hydroxyl Group

Answer 2

Functional Group:

• polar due to the electronegativity of the oxygen
• helps dissolve things such as sugars
• forms hydrogen bonds with water
• Compound name: Alcohol (specific name ends in -of) (ex: Ethanol)

Question 3

Structure of Carbonyl Group

Answer 3

> C=O

Question 4

Properties of Carbonyl Group

Answer 4

Functional Group:

• Sugars w/ ketone groups are called keytoses
• Sugars w/ aldehydes are called aldoses
• Compound name: Ketone, carbonyl group found within carbon skeleton (ex: acetone)
• Compound name: Aldehyde, carbonyl group found at end of carbon skeleton (ex: propanal)

Question 5

Structure of Carboxyl Group

Answer 5

-COOH

Question 6

Properties of Carboxyl Group

Answer 6

Functional Group:

• Acts as an acid b/c covalent bond b/w O2 and H+ is so polar
• can donate H+
• Compound name: Carboxylic acid, or Organic acid
• ex: Acetic acid

Question 7

Structure of Amino Group

Answer 7

-NH2

Question 8

Properties of Amino Group

Answer 8

Functional Group:

• acts as a base
• can pick up an H+ from the surrounding solution
• Compound name: Amine
• ex: Glycine

Question 9

Structure of Phosphate Group

Answer 9

-OPO3^2-

Question 10

Properties of Phosphate Group

Answer 10

Functional Group:

• Contributes (-) charge (1- when positioned inside a chain of phosphates; 2- when at the end)
• ability to react with water, releasing energy (ATP)
• Compound name: Organic phosphate
• ex: Glycerol phosphate

Question 11

Structure of Methyl Group

Answer 11

-CH3

Question 12

Properties of Methyl Group

Answer 12

Functional group:

• affects gene expression when bonded to DNA or proteins that bind to DNA
• affects shape and function of male and female sex hormones
• Compound name: Methylated compound
• ex: S-Methylcytosine

Question 13

Structure of Amino Acids

Answer 13

central carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, R group

Question 14

2 Triose Sugars

Answer 14

• C3H6O3
• Glyceraldehyde (aldose)
• Dihydroxyacetone (ketoses)

Question 15

Glyceraldehyde Carbon Skeleton/Function

Answer 15

Type of Sugar:

• triose sugar (C3H6O3)
• aldehyde sugar (Carbonyl @ end of carbon skeleton)
• an initial breakdown product of glucose

Question 16

Dihydroxyacetone Carbon Skeleton/Function

Answer 16

Type of Sugar:
- triose sugar (C3H6O3)
- ketone sugar (Carbonyl within carbon skeleton)
- an initial breakdown product of glucose
(Structure is the one on the right side)

Question 17

2 Pentose Sugars

Answer 17

• C5H10O5
• Ribose (Aldoses)
• Ribulose (Ketoses)

Question 18

Ribose Carbon Skeleton/Function

Answer 18

Type of Sugar:

• Pentose sugar (C5H10O5)
• Aldehyde Sugar (Carbonyl group @ end of carbon skeleton)
• Component of RNA

Question 19

3 Hexose Sugars

Answer 19

• C6H12O6
• Glucose (Aldoses)
• Galactose (Aldoses)
• Fructose (Ketoses)

Question 20

Glucose Carbon Skeleton/Function

Answer 20

Type of Sugar:

• Hexose sugar (C6H12O6)
• Aldehyde Sugar (Carbonyl group @ end of carbon skeleton)
• energy source for organisms
• (memorizing structure. . . H: Left, Left, Right, Left, Left, Left) (or. . . 6 Carbon, 1 OH on right)
• one of two aldehyde hexose sugars :)

Question 21

Galactose Carbon Skeleton/Function

Answer 21

Type of Sugar:

• Hexose sugar (C6H12O6)
• Aldehyde Sugar (Carbonyl group @ end of carbon skeleton)
• energy source for organisms
• (memorizing structure. . . H: Left, Left, Right, Right, Left, Left) (2 left, 2 right, 2 left)

Question 22

Fructose Carbon Skeleton/Function

Answer 22

Type of Sugar:

• Hexose sugar (C6H12O6)
• Ketone Sugar (Carbonyl group within carbon skeleton)
• energy source for organisms

Question 23

Amino Acids, they all end with the suffix. . .

Answer 23

• ine
• Tryptophan is also an amino acid, just doesn’t end in “ine”
• negatively charged amino acids end in “-ic acid” (these are acidic)
• 20 different amino acids: R group determines the properties