Bio keywords

Question 1

B1 Movement

Answer 1

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

Question 2

B1 respiration

Answer 2

chemical reactions in cells that breakdown nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

Question 3

B1 sensitivity

Answer 3

ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses

Question 4

B1 growth

Answer 4

permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both

Question 5

B1 excretion

Answer 5

removal from organisms of the waste products of metabolism, toxic materials, and substances in excess of requirements

Question 6

B1 nutrition

Answer 6

taking in of materials for energy, growth and development; plants require light, co2, water and ions; animals need organic compounds and ions and usually need water

Question 7

B2.2 Diffusion

Answer 7

net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration down a concentration gradient, as a result of their random movement

Question 8

B2.2 osmosis

Answer 8

net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential, through a partially permeable membrane

Question 9

B4.1 Enzymes

Answer 9

proteins that function as biological catalysts

Question 10

B5.1 photosynthesis

Answer 10

process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light

Question 11

B6.2 ingestion

Answer 11

taking of substances (e.g. food,drink), into the body through the mouth

Question 12

B6.2 digestion

Answer 12

breakdown of large, insoluble food molecules into small, water-soluble molecules using mechanical & chemical processes

Question 13

B6.2 absorption

Answer 13

movement of digested food molecules through the wall of the intestine into the blood

Question 14

B6.2 assimilation

Answer 14

movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cells

Question 15

B6.2 egestion

Answer 15

passing out of food that has not been digested, as faeces, through the anus

Question 16

B6.2 mechanical digestion

Answer 16

breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules

Question 17

B6.2 chemical digestion

Answer 17

breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules

Question 18

B7.1 transpiration

Answer 18

loss of water vapour from plant leaves by evaporation of water at the surfaces of the mesophyll cells followed by diffusion of water vapour through the stomata

Question 19

B7.1 translocation

Answer 19

movement of sucrose and amino acids in phloem, from regions of production (source) to regions of storage OR to regions where they are used in respiration or growth (sink)

Question 20

B7.2 circulatory system

Answer 20

system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood

Question 20

B8.2 aerobic respiration

Answer 20

chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy

Question 21

B8.2 anaerobic respiration

Answer 21

chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen

Question 22

B9.1 nerve impulse

Answer 22

electrical signal that passes along nerve cells called neurones

Question 23

B9.1 reflex action

Answer 23

means of automatically and rapidly integrating and coordinating stimuli with the responses of effectors

Question 24

B9.3 hormone

Answer 24

chemical substance, produced by a gland, carried by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs

Question 25

B9.3 adrenaline

Answer 25

hormone secreted in 'fight or flight' situations (which results in increased breathing and pulse rate, and widened pupils)

Question 26

B9.4 homeostasis

Answer 26

maintenance of a constant internal environment control of internal conditions within set limits

Question 27

B9.5 gravitropism

Answer 27

response in which parts of a plant grow towards or away from gravity

Question 28

B9.5 photoropism

Answer 28

response in which parts of a plant grow towards or away from the direction from which light is coming

Question 29

B10.1 asexual reproduction

Answer 29

process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent

Question 30

B10.1 sexual reproduction

Answer 30

process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes to form a zygote and the production of offspring that are genetically different from each other

Question 31

B10.2 pollination

Answer 31

transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma

Question 32

B10.3 fertilisation

Answer 32

fusion of the nuclei from a male gamete and a female gamete

Question 33

B11.1 inheritance

Answer 33

transmission of genetic information from generation to generation

Question 34

B11.1 chromosome

Answer 34

thread-like structure of DNA, carrying genetic information in the form of genes

Question 35

B11.1 gene

Answer 35

length of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 36

B11.1 allele

Answer 36

version of a gene

Question 37

B11.1 haploid nucleus

Answer 37

nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes (e.g. in gametes)

Question 38

B11.1 diploid nucleus

Answer 38

nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes (e.g. in body cells)

Question 39

B11.2 mitosis

Answer 39

nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells

Question 40

B11.2 meiosis

Answer 40

reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid resulting in genetically different cells

Question 41

B11.3 genotype

Answer 41

genetic make-up of an organism in terms of the alleles present

Question 42

B11.3 phenotype

Answer 42

observable features of an organism

Question 43

B11.3 homozygous

Answer 43

having two identical alleles of a particular gene

Question 44

B11.3 heterozygous

Answer 44

having two different alleles of a particular gene

Question 45

B11.3 dominant

Answer 45

allele that is expressed if it is present

Question 46

B11.3 recessive

Answer 46

allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present

Question 47

B11.4 variation

Answer 47

differences between individuals of the same species

Question 48

B11.4 mutation

Answer 48

change in gene or chromosome

Question 49

B12.1 food chain

Answer 49

showing the transfer of energy from one organism to the next, beginning with a producer

Question 50

B12.1 food web

Answer 50

network of interconnected food chains

Question 51

B12.1 producer

Answer 51

organism that makes its own organic nutrients, usually using energy from sunlight, through photosynthesis

Question 52

B12.1 consumer

Answer 52

organism that gets its energy by feeding on other organisms

Question 53

B12.1 herbivore

Answer 53

animal that gets it energy by eating plants

Question 54

B12.1 carnivore

Answer 54

animal that gets it energy by eating other animals

Question 55

B12.1 decomposer

Answer 55

organism that gets its energy from dead or waste organic matter

Question 56

B12.1 ecosystem

Answer 56

unit containing all of the organisms and their environment, interacting together, in a given area

Question 57

B12.1 trophic level

Answer 57

position of an organism in a food chain or food web

Question 58

B11.4 evolution

Answer 58

change in adaptive features of a population over time as the result of natura l selection

Question 59

B11.4 process of adaptation

Answer 59

process resulting from natural selection, by which populations become more suited to their environment over many generations

Question 60

B8.1 What can tobacco smoking cause

Answer 60

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, coronary heart disease

Question 61

B8.2 uses of energy in the human body

Answer 61

muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, growth, maintenance of a constant body temp