Bio Inheritance Vocab Flashcards
Different forms of the same gene sometimes referred to as variants.
Alleles
Involves only one individual and the offspring is identical to the parent. There is no fusion of gait or mixing of genetic information.
Asexual Reproduction
Individuals who are heterozygous for recessive allele linked to a genetic disorder. Carriers have one healthy allele so are not affected themselves, but they can pass on the infected allele to their offspring.
Carriers
An inherited disorder that affects the lungs, digestive, and reproductive system that is inherited through a recessive allele.
Cystic fibrosis
A molecule that is abbreviated to DNA. The genetic code is the sequence of nitrogenous bases A, C, T and G within the DNA molecules.
Deoxribonculeic acid
The phenotype will be apparent in the offspring, even if only one of the alleles is inherited.
Dominant Allele
A haploid sex cell.
Gamek
the process by which scientists can modify the genome of an organism by introducing a gene from another organism to give a desired characteristic.
genetic engineering
the genetic makeup of an individual for a particular characteristic, for example eye colour.
genotype
individual with different alleles for a characteristic.
heterozygote
individual with two identical alleles for a characteristic.
Homozygote
two stage process of cell division that reduces the chromosome number of daughter cells. it is involved in making gametes for sexual reproduction.
Meiosis
a change in genetic material of an organism.
mutation
the process by which evolution takes place. organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support. only those that are most suited to their environment will survive to breed and pass on their useful characteristics to their offspring.
Natural selection
a molecule made up of sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four different bases. They are key units in the structure of DNA and RNA.
Nucleotide
the physical appearance/ biochemistry of an individual for a particular characteristic.
phenotype
a dominant inherited disorder that results in babies being born with extra fingers and/ or toes.
polydactyly
X and Y in humans, the combination of these chromosomes determines the gender of an individual.
sex chromosomes
a phenotype that will only show up in the offspring if both of the alleles coding for that characteristic are inherited.
recessive
speeds up natural selection by selecting animals or plants for breeding that have a required characteristic.
selective breeding
a way of modelling a genetic cross and predicting the outcome using probability.
punnet square
Involves the fusion of male and female gametes’ nuclei producing genetic variation in the offspring.
sexual reproduction
A modern way of cloning plants that allows thousands of new plants to be created from one piece of plant tissue.
tissue culture
Smaller than the X chromosome, only one copy of this in each diploid cell is required to cause a male human
Y chromosome
