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BIO Honors > BIO flash cards > Flashcards

BIO flash cards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Amino acid sequence

A

The arrangement of amino acids in a protein

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2
Q

Analogous structure

A

Features of different species that are similar in function but not in structure and do not share a common ancestor

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3
Q

Anatomy

A

The identification and description of the structures of living things

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4
Q

Biochemical evidence

A

Certain enzymes and chemical processes are found in the cells of nearly everything on earth

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5
Q

Biogeography

A

The study of the geographical distribution of organisms

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6
Q

Common ancestry

A

Being the ancestor of two or more species later in time

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7
Q

Cladogram

A

A diagram that shows relationships between species

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8
Q

Descent with modification

A

Species change over time, that give rise to new species, and they share a common ancestor

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9
Q

DNA sequencing

A

Technique used for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule

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10
Q

Electrophoresis

A

A technique used to separate DNA fragments according to their size

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11
Q

Embryo

A

An unborn human or animal that is in the very early stages of development

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12
Q

Embryology

A

A branch of biology dealing with embryos and their development

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13
Q

Evolutionary tree

A

A diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, or organisms that share a common ancestor

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14
Q

Fossil record

A

A collection of fossils documenting the history of life on earth

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15
Q

Homologous structure

A

An organ, system, or body part that shares a common ancestry in multiple organisms

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16
Q

Homology

A

Development for different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor

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17
Q

Paleontology

A

The study of the history of life on Earth based on fossils

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18
Q

Phenotypic similarity

A

A measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

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19
Q

Phylogeny

A

The representation of the evolutionary history and relationships between groups of organisms

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20
Q

Vestigial structure

A

Non-functional features fully developed and functioning in earlier species but serve little or no present purpose for an organism

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21
Q

Sedimentary layers

A

Are formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms

22
Q

Adaptation

A

The evolutionary processes whereby an organism becomes better able to live in its habitat or habitats

23
Q

Behavior

A

The change in activity of an organism in response to stimulus

24
Q

Competition

A

A set of interactions between organisms and species to get a limited resource

25
Q

Fitness

A

An organisms ability to pass it’s genetic material to its offspring

26
Q

Gene pool

A

The combination of all the genes and alleles present in a reproducing population or species

27
Q

Genetic variation

A

The presence of differences in sequences of gene between individual organisms of a species

28
Q

Geographic

A

The study of the patterns of geographic distribution of organisms and the factors that determining those patterns

29
Q

Isolation

A

A process by which two species that could otherwise produce hybrid offspring are prevented from doing so

30
Q

Morphology

A

A branch of biology that studies the external and internal structures of living things

31
Q

Natural selection

A

The process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change

32
Q

Phenotypic

A

The observable physical properties of an organism

33
Q

Gene expression

A

The process by which the information encoded in a gene is turned into a function

34
Q

Physiology

A

A branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter and the physical and chemical phenomena involved

35
Q

Population

A

All the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves

36
Q

Reproductive Isolation

A

The inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences

37
Q

Sexual selection

A

Any selection that arises from fitness differences accosted with nonrandom success in the competition for access to gametes for fertilization

38
Q

Speciation

A

The process of how a new plant or animal species is created

39
Q

Species

A

A group for organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring

40
Q

Trait

A

A specific characteristic of an individual

41
Q

Advantageous

A

Some traits make an organism more likely to survey and reproduce in its environment

42
Q

Coevolution

A

Reciprocal evolutionary changes brought about by interactions between species

43
Q

Convergent evolution

A

The process whereby distantly related organisms independently evolve similar traits to adapt to similar necessities

44
Q

Distribution

A

The specific location of arrangement of continuing or successive objects or events in a space or time

45
Q

Divergence

A

The act of moving away in different direction from a common point

46
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community of organisms and their physical environment interacting together

47
Q

Gene

A

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

48
Q

Gene frequency

A

The ration of the number of a specified allele in a population to the total of all alleles at it’s genetic locus

49
Q

Phenotypic variation

A

Differences among organisms in these observable traits

50
Q

Survival Rate

A

By tracking large numbers of individuals through time to estimate the likelihood of different classes of individual staying alive from one year to year

51
Q

Variation

A

Any difference between the individuals in a species or groups of organisms of any species

BIO Honors (1 decks)

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