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MICRO FINAL Study Guide > BIO Final Study Guide > Flashcards

BIO Final Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

The Blastocyste will only implant in the uterus

True or False

A

False

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2
Q

An embryo at the 32 cell stage would be referred to as morula

True or False

A

True

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3
Q

Estrogen secretion is stimulated by LH in females

True or False

A

True

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4
Q

The sex chromosomes are referred to as autosomes
True or False

A

False

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5
Q

Oxytocin stimulates contraction of the uterus
True or False

A

True

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6
Q

Corpus Luteum is sustained by the secretion of HCG from the implanting blastocyst
True or False

A

True

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7
Q

A zygote is usually formed within the fallopian (uterine) tube
True or False

A

True

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8
Q

The end of the eighth week of intrauterine development marks the beginning go the fetal period
True or False

A

True

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9
Q

The placenta is a protective barrier that only allows beneficial nutrients to enter the blood of the fetus
True or False

A

True

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10
Q

Menses is triggered by a spike in LH
True or False

A

True

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11
Q

The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen
True or False

A

True

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12
Q

The target cells for LH in males are located in the seminiferous tubules?
True or False

A

False

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13
Q

The trophoblast of the blastocyst develops into the ectoderm of the gastrula
True or False

A

False

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14
Q

Two sperm cells fertilizing the same egg results in the development of twins
True or False

A

False

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15
Q

The secondary oocyte completes meiosis prior to ovulation.
True or False

A

False

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16
Q

Following a vasectomy a male no longer produces semen.
True or False

A

False

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17
Q

Normal human gametes contains 23 chromosomes
True or False

A

True

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18
Q

Gastrulation usually takes place in the uterus
True or False

A

True

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19
Q

The zona pellucida is formed during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
True or False

A

False

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20
Q

The embryonic stage lasts from the 3rd to the 8th week
True or False

A

True

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21
Q

The pair of sex chromosomes are homologous in females and non homologous in males
True or False

A

True

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22
Q

The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the endometrium
True or False

A

True

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23
Q

The diagram is the primary muscle used for the normal breathing
True or False

A

True

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24
Q

During normal breathing, changes in the atmospheric air pressure causes air to enter and exit the lungs.
True or False

A

False

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25
Q

The functions of the nasal conchae are to enhance the air turbulence in the cavity and to increase the mucosal surface ares exposed to the air
True or False

A

True

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26
Q

The amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs during quiet breathing is referred to as the vital capacity.
True or False

A

False

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27
Q

The paired lungs occupy all of the thoracic cavity
True or False

A

False

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28
Q

The horizontal fissure is associated with he right lung
True or False

A

True

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29
Q

Semen:
Statement 1. Secretions from bulbourethral glands
Statement 2. Secretions from the prostate gland

A. Both are correct
B. Neither are correct
C. Only #1 is correct
D. Only #2 is correct

A

A. Both are correct

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30
Q

The following is a list of structures of the same reproductive tract.
1. Ductus deferens 2. urethra 3. Ejaculatory duct
4. epididymis
Identify the order in which sperm pass through these structures form the testes to the penis

A

4,1,3,2
Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

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31
Q

What part of a sperm cell contains the nuclear material?
A. Midpiece
B. Tail
C. Flagellum
D. Head

A

Head

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32
Q

Feature of uterine tube:
Statment 1. fimbrae
Statment 2. Corpus albicans

Neither are correct
Only #2 is correct
both are correct
Only #1 is correct

A

D. Only number #1 is correct

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33
Q

The formation of germ layers occurs at

Fertilization
Blastrula formation
gastrulation
Cleavage

A

Gastrulation

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34
Q

Polyspermy in humans results in

Individuals with haploid cells
twins
a nonfunctional zygote
triplets

A

A non functional zygote

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35
Q

In humans, separation of the cells at the two cell state following fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in this case would be

fraternal
of different sexes
zygotic
identical

A

Identical

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36
Q

Characteristics of the mature sperm include

A. The presence of X chromosomes in approximately Half the sperm
B. The presence of an acrosome
C. The presence of Y chromosomes in approximately half the sperm
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

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37
Q

The embryo forms from the

inner cell mass of blastocyst
zona pellucida
outer layer of the blastocyst
placenta

A

Inner cell of mass of blastocyst

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38
Q

The hormone primary responsible for milk synthesis is

Prolactin
estrogen
progesterone
Oxytocin

A

Prolactin

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39
Q

When allowed to develop, the Mullerian ducts become the

Distal vagina, clitoris, and labia
epididymis, vas deferrals, and seminal vesicles
fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina
fallopian tubes, uterus, upper vagina. distal vagina, clitoris, and labia

A

fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina

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40
Q

Where are spermatozoa store util they are fully mature?

Rete testis
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Efferent ductules
seminiferous tubules

A

Epididymis

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41
Q

The Dartos muscle is located in the

Uterus
Vagina
Scrotum
Epididymis

A

Scrotum

42
Q

The cells that produce tester one in the testis is called
spermatocytes
sustentacular cells
Leydig cells
spermatogonia

A

Leydig cells

43
Q

The average length of the menstrual cycle is

10 days
28 days
14 days
21 days

A

28 Days

44
Q

The mid piece of the sperm cells contains

None of these
the acrosome
23 chromosomes
mitochondria
All of these

A

Mitochondria

45
Q

Which of the following is not a germ layer

periderm
endoderm
ectoderm
mesoderm

A

Periderm

46
Q

The cremaster muscle is located in the

Vagina
Testes
Scrotum
spermatic cord
Uterus

A

Spermatic cord

47
Q

The hormone that is the basis for a pregnancy test is

HCG
LH
progesterone
FSH

A

HCG

48
Q

Normally menses occurs when

blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decreases
Blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase
the corpus luteum secretes estrogen
blood levels of FSH fall off

A

blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decreases

49
Q

The female gonad is the

vagina
oocytes
ovary
uterus
all of these

A

Ovary

50
Q

Sperm cannot fertilize an egg until they

undergo capacitation
undergo activation
undergo decapitation
lose their acrosome

A

undergo capacitation

51
Q

Which of he following is not a phase of the ovarian cycle?

Luteal
ovulation
follicular
mensus

A

mensus

52
Q

Seminal vesicles:
Statement 1. secretions account for 70% of semen volume
Statment 2. secretions contain the sugar fructose

Only #2 is correct
Neither are correct
Only #1 is correct
Both are correct

A

Both are correct

53
Q

Contraction of the seminiferous tubes if performed by

Myoid cells
areolar connective tissue
interstitial endocrine cells
Sertoli cells
leading cells

A

Myoid cells

54
Q

Which of the following occurs during days 6-14 of the menstrual cycle?

Mensus
ovulation
secretory phase
proliferative phase

A

proliferative phase

55
Q

The vagina is line with

ciliated columnar epithelium
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium
transitional epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium

A

stratified squamous epithelium

56
Q

Testis:

Statement 1. covered with capsule called tunica albuginea
Statment 2. contains seminiferous tubules

Both are correct
Neither are correct
Only #2 is correct
Only #1 is correct

A

Both are correct

57
Q

A male gamete is the

penis
sperm cell
testes
vast deferens
all of these

A

Sperm cell

58
Q

Match the respiratory disease to the cause

  1. Destruction of alveolar walls
  2. Fluid accumulation in the alveoli
  3. Thickening of the alveolar walls
  4. Fluid accumulation around the alveoli
  5. Allergic reaction causing bronchoconstriction
A
  1. Emphysema
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Pulmonary fibrosis
  4. Pulmonary edema
  5. Asthma
59
Q

Math
1. Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation.

  1. Maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory effort .
  2. Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation.
  3. Maximum amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation
  4. Maximum amount of air contained in lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort.
A
  1. Inspiratory reserve volume
  2. Vital capacity
  3. Residual volume
  4. Expiratory reserve volume
  5. Total lung capacity
60
Q

Which of the following would not be expected to cause hypoxia in a normal healthy individual

Being exposed to human air
Being exposed to a high altitude
Being exposed to carbon monoxide
Being exposed to low altitude
Being exposed to smoky air

A

Being exposed to low altitude

61
Q

Food is prevented from entering the nasopharynx by the

Elevation of the soft palate
Elevation of the epiglottis
Constriction of the esophagus
Depression of the hard palate
Closure of the nasal conchae

A

Elevation of the soft palate

62
Q

The right lung contains three and the left lung contains two

primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
pleural sacs
segmental (tertiary bronchi)
hilum

A

pleural sacs

63
Q

Place the following structures of the respiratory tree in the order in which air passes through them

  1. Pharynx 3. Nasal Cavity 5. Trachea
  2. Larynx 4. Primary Bronchi
A

3, 1, 2, 5, 4

Nasal Cavity, pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Primary Bronchi

64
Q

Which section of the pharynx is lined with ciliated simple columnar epithelial cells?

All of three
None of these
Oropharynx
Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx

A

Nasopharynx

65
Q

How is the bulk of carbon dioxide carried in the blood?

  1. As free carbon dioxide dissolved in plasma
  2. Chemically combined with the heme option of hemoglobin
  3. As the bicarbonate ion in the plasma
  4. As carbonic acid in the plasma
  5. chemically combined with the amino acids of hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin into red blood cells
A
  1. As the bicarbonate ion in the plasma
66
Q

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

Dissolved in plasma
carried by white blood cells
bound to hemoglobin
in ionic form as solute in plasma
bound to a plasma protein

A

bound to hemoglobin

67
Q

Expiration (exhalation) occurs when _____________

1.The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax
2. the thoracic cavity volume increases
3. Pressure in the thoracic cavity decreases
4. air movers into lungs
5. The diaphragm and external muscles contract

A

The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax

68
Q

Contractions of these muscles depressed the ribs, but only during forced exhalation

Scalenes
External intercostals
Serratus posterior inferior
Transversus thoracis
Internal intercostals

A

Internal intercostals

69
Q

The actual site of gas exchange between the blood and inspired air is the

Primary bronchi
Alveoli
Trachea
Larynx
All of these

A

Alveoli

70
Q

What type of tissue lines the trachea

Cuboidal epithelium
Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium
Stratified squamous keratinized epthelium

A

Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

71
Q

Several things happen to inhaled air in a process called conditioning. Select the exception.

The air becomes turbulent
The air becomes cooled
The air is humidified
The air is moistened

A

The air becomes cooled

72
Q

High carbon dioxide concentration in body fluids is called

Hypercapnia
Carbonation
Hypercarbia
Hyperoxia

A

Hypercarbia

73
Q

Intrapulmonary pressure is the

Pressure within the pleural cavity
Pressure within the alveoli of the lungs
Pressure of the atmosphere above us
Negative pressure in the intrapleural space
Difference between atmospheric pressure and respiratory pressure

A

Pressure within the alveoli of the lungs

74
Q

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through cel membranes by

Pinocytosis
Filtration
active transport
diffusion
osmosis

A

Diffusion

75
Q

The phrenic and intercostal nerves that control the muscles for inspiration are associated with the

Hypothalamus
Dorsal respiratory group
Pontine respiratory group
Ventral Respiratory group
Thalamus

A

Dorsal respiratory group

76
Q

Which of the following does not help protect the respiratory tract from infection?

Surfactant
Ciliary escalator
Nasal turbinates
Alveolar macrophages
Nasal hairs

A

Surfactant

77
Q

Air enters the lungs through the process of __________ while oxygen enters the blood stream through the process of

Osmosis, diffusion
diffusion, perfusion
bulk flow, osmosis
bulk flow, diffusion
diffusion, bulk flow

A

bulk flow, diffusion

78
Q

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

Pharynx
larynx
vestibule
glottis
esophagus

A

Pharynx

79
Q

The typical cell making up the alveolar wall is the

alveolar macrophages
septal cell
dust cells
alveolar type II cells
alveolar type I cell

A

alveolar type II cells

80
Q

Which is the primary area of the brain responsible for regulating breathing?

Medulla
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Pons
Midbrain

A

Medulla

81
Q

Which of the choices determines the direction of respiratory gas movement during oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange?

Molecular weight and size of the gas molecule
partial pressure gradient
carrier molecules
solubility in water
the temperature

A

partial pressure gradient

82
Q

Given the following information, calculate the total
pulmonary ventilation

Heart rate 60 beats/min.
Respiratory rate 10 breaths/min
Tidal volume: 500ml/breath
Blood pressure 20/80 mmHg

  1. 5000ml/minute
  2. 60000 ml/minute
  3. 30000ml/minute
  4. Cannot determine from the limited info provided
  5. 500 ml/minute
A

5000ml/minute

Remember you multiply respiratory rate with total volume!

RR x TV

83
Q

Air moves into the lungs because

1.The pressure in the lungs is greater than outside atmospheric pressure
2. Air does not move into the lungs
3. The pressure in the lungs is less than outside atmospheric pressure
4. The pressure in the lungs is equal to outside atmospheric pressure

A

The pressure in the lungs is less than outside atmospheric pressure

84
Q

What structure is also known as the voice box?

Larynx
Trachea
Esophagus
Pharynx
Bronchus

A

Larynx

85
Q

Contraction of the diaphragm results in

Forced expiration
None of these
normal inspiration
Forced inspiration
normal expiration

A

normal inspiration

86
Q

What is the expiratory reserve volume using the spirometer graph provided?

used from top to bottom

100
46
40
20
0

A

20 ml/Kg

  • remember its the the one starting from tidal volume, Down up until residual. (exclude residual)
87
Q

What is the tidal volume using the spirometer graph provided?

20ml/kg
what?
46ml/kg
40 ml/kg
6ml/kg

A

6ml/kg

remember this is our normal breathing so the small two first bars

88
Q

Match the immune factor with feel of defense

Saliva
Inflammation
Antibodies
Macrophages
Nasal hairs
Complement proteins

A

First line
Second line
Third line
Second line
First line
First line

89
Q

Stomach acids are part of the first line of defense

True or false

A

True

90
Q

Mast cells and basophils release endogenous pyrogens

True or False

A

False

91
Q

The only T cell population that can directly attack and lyse cells is the

Helper T cell population
Suppressor T cell population
plasma cell population
B cell population
Killer T cell population

A

Killer T cell population

92
Q

Which of the following chemical agents stimulates a protective response from the hypothalamus?

Histamine
Complement
Endogenous pyrogens
Transferrin
Albumin

A

Endogenous pyrogens

93
Q

The protective effect of vaccines is the production of

Memory cell population
B cell population
Helper T cell population
Suppressor T cell population
Killer T cell population

A

Memory cell population

94
Q

HIV severely cripples the adaptive immune response through the destruction of the:

Helper T cell population
Killer T cell population
Suppressor T cell population
Plasma cell population
B cell population

A

Helper T cell population

95
Q

Which of the following is used to match tissue for a transplant?

CD4
MHC class II
MHC class I
All of the above
CD8

A

All of the above

96
Q

Normal Flora plays a protective role as part of the

cell-mediated immune response
third line of defense
second line of defense
humoral immune response
first line of defense

A

first line of defense

97
Q

Ingestion of alcohol during pregnancy is known to be developmentally toxic

True or False

A

True

98
Q

The strongest stimulus bronchodilation is carbon dioxide concentration

True or False

A

True

99
Q

The common name for these structures in the nasal cavity s the nasal turbinates

External Nares
Nasal Conchae
The hard and soft palate
The tonsils
Internal nares

A

Nasal Conchae

100
Q

Which of the following statements is false?

Receiving two X chromosomes produces a genetic female
Receiving an X and a Y chromosome produces a genetic male
Sperm can only carry the Y chromosome
Ova can only carry the X chromosome
All the Staten’s listed are true

A

Sperm can only carry the Y chromosome

MICRO FINAL Study Guide (2 decks)

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