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Bio final flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Taxonamy

A

Science of naming organisms and assigning them into species

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2
Q

What does “taxa” mean

A

Groups

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3
Q

Kings Play Chess On Fuzzy Green Squares

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order Genus Species

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4
Q

What are the six kingdoms?

A
  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia
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5
Q

What 3 things do the organisms in the kingdom Archaea and Bacteria lack?

A
  • Nuclei
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplasts
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6
Q

How does the kingdom Archaea and Bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary fission

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7
Q

All protists are ___ organisms

A

Single celled

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8
Q

What are two characteristics that the kingdom Protista has?

A
  • Nucleus
  • Organelles (can include chloroplasts)
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9
Q

What three groups is the Kingdom Protista divided up into

A
  • Animal like
  • Plant like
  • Fungi like
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10
Q

Are fungi heterotrophs or autotrophs?

A

Heterotrophs, so they do not carry out photosynthesis

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11
Q

Fungi have cell walls but no ___?

A

Cellulose

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12
Q

Fungi have ___ nuclei but not in ___

A
  • Many
  • Separate cells
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13
Q

Are plants multicellular or unicellular

A

Multicellular

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14
Q

Plants have ___ walls with ___

A
  • Cell walls
  • Cellulose
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15
Q

Are plants heterotrophic or autotrophic?

A

Autotrophic, so they can carry out photosynthesis

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16
Q

What do plants use to carry out photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll

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17
Q

Are animals multicellular or unicellular?

A

Multicellular

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18
Q

Are animals heterotrophic or autotrophic?

A

Heterotrophic

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19
Q

Organisms in the kingdom Animalia ___ cell walls

A

Lack

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20
Q

Evolutionary theory states that:

A

Living species have from earlier species

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21
Q

What makes something living?

A
  • Are made of one or more cells
  • Reproduce
  • Grow and develop
  • Obtain and use energy
  • Respond to their environment
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22
Q

Ecology

A

8study of interactions of organisms with one another and their physical surroundings

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23
Q

What is a biosphere

A

the part of earth where life exists

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24
Q

What does a biosphere include

A

All land air and water on earth and the life that populates these areas

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25
Q

Few organisms live in ___ most live in the ___

A
  • Polar regions
  • Tropic regions
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26
Q

What two things do ecosystems consists of?

A

Abiotic and biotic factors

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27
Q

What is an abiotic factor?

A

Physical features

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28
Q

What are biotic features?

A

Living organisms

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29
Q

Community

A

Organisms that live together in an ecosystem

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30
Q

Ecosystems are connected by both ___ and ___ features

A
  • Living
  • Non-living
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31
Q

Ecological succession can happen where ___

A

no living community already exists

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32
Q

Ecological succession can happen because of ___ or ___ activities wiping out ___

A
  • Natural
  • Man made
  • Existing communities
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33
Q

Climax community

A

Stable collection of organisms defined by the most present species

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34
Q

Climax communities are determined partly by ___

A

Chance

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35
Q

If something happens to a climax community there is a chance that they may ___

A

Never go back to the way they were

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35
Q

What is photosynthesis

A

The way that green plants and bacteria turn sunlight into water and carbs

35
Q

What are the two main forms of direct evidence of evolution?

A

Apaptations and fossils

35
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

Something that allows an organism to survive and reproduce in it s environment

36
Q

3 types of adaptations

A
  • Structural
  • Behavioral
    -Physiological
37
Q

Homologous structure

A

Structures with similar origin but different uses throughout different species

38
Q

Analogous structures

A

Structures with similar functions and apprence but very different origin

39
Q

How do you classify simple animals

A
  • Symmetry
  • Germ layers
  • Body plan
  • ## Segmentation
40
Q

What is an acoelomate

A

Organisms with no body cavities between their tissue layers

41
Q

What is a pseudocoelomate

A

Organisms with false body cavities

42
Q

What is a coelomate

A

An organism with ell developed organs inside of a body cavity

43
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A

By invading or infecting a living host cell

44
Q

Do sponge cells have cell walls?

A

NO

45
Q

Sponges do have ___ but they do not work ___ - not ___

A
  • Cells
  • Cooperatively together
  • Tissues
46
Q

What are choanocytes? (Collar cells)

A

Specialized cells that use flagella to move water around the sponge

47
Q

What are archeocytes?

A

Motile cells which both deliver nutrients to other cells and create eggs for sexual reproduction

48
Q

What are cnidocytes?

A

Stinging cells located around cnidarians tentacles that are used for capturing prey

49
Q

What can you think of a cnidocyte as?

A

You can think of it as a harpoon gun and the nemacyst as a harpoon

50
Q

What is a nemacyst

A

Poison filled stinging structure that contains a tightly coiled dart

51
Q

What shapes are medusas

A

Bell shaped with a mouth at the bottom

52
Q

Are medusas sessile or motile

A

Motile

53
Q

How do medusas reproduce?

A

Asexually

54
Q

Are polyps motile or sessile?

A

Sessile

55
Q

What is the shape of a polyp

A

Cylindrical body with mouth that points upward and arm like tentacles

56
Q

Do Polyps reproduce sexually or asexually

A

Asexually

57
Q

What does a hydrostatic skeleton allow for both types of jellyfish?

A
  • Medusa: Jet propulsion
  • Polyp: Get taller
58
Q

What are the three defining features of Mollusks

A
  • Muscular foot
  • Visceral mass
  • Mantle covering the visceral mass
59
Q

What does the visceral mass contain

A

Internal organs

60
Q

What is a mollusks shell made by

A

Glands that secrete calcium carbonate

61
Q

How do mollusks breathe?

A

By using gills inside their mantle cavity

62
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Cells that lack a nuclear envelope and have free floating genetic material

63
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Cells that have a nucleus that separates genetic material from the cytoplasm

64
Q

What kingdoms are considered to be Eukaryotic

A
  • Animalia
  • Plantae
  • Fungi
  • Protista
65
Q

What kingdoms are prokaryotic

A
  • Bacteria and Archaea
66
Q

What are flagella made up of

A

Microtubules

67
Q

What do flagella do

A

Move cells

68
Q

What are cilia made up of

A

Microtubules

69
Q

What do cilia do

A

Move water past cells

70
Q

What is a cytoskeleton

A

Something that gives the cell its shape

71
Q

What does a a cytoskeleton do

A

Moves things inside the cell

72
Q

What is a cytoskeleton mad up of

A
  • Microtubules
  • Microfilaments
  • Intermediate filaments
73
Q

What are lysosomes

A

Sacs of hydrolytic enzymes that act as suicide sacs

74
Q

What are peroxisomes

A

Things that transfer hydrogen and detoxify parts of the cell

75
Q

Endospores can remain ___ waiting for more favorable ___

A
  • Dormant
  • Growth conditions
76
Q

Three groups that we study animals

A
  • Lower invertebrates
  • Higher invertebrates (Protostome’s and deuterostomes)
  • Vertebrates
77
Q

What phylum do vertebrates belong to

A

Chordata

78
Q

Four shared characteristics between Vertebrates

A
  • Backbone that protects or incases dorsal nerve cord
  • Two sets of paired appendages
  • Closed circulatory system powered by heart
  • Breathing apparatus (lungs or gills)
79
Q

What keeps plants leaves from drying out

A

A waxy cuticle

80
Q

What helps with plants gas exchange

A

Stomas (through waxy cuticle)

81
Q

What does the xylem do

A

Conducts water from roots to shoots

82
Q

What are plants nutrients and conducting systems

A

Xylem and phloem

83
Q

What does the phloem do

A

Conducts products of photosynthesis from shoots to roots

84
Q

What do seeds do

A

Protect embryos

85
Q

What are the two sexual structures of moss

A

Male antheridium and female archegonium

86
Q
A

Bio final (1 decks)

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