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Biology Final Exam > Bio Final Exam > Flashcards

Bio Final Exam Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The Cardiovascular System Consists of all of the following except

A

The Lungs

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2
Q

Arterioles, arteries, veins, and venules all have the same basic four-layer structure containing all of the following except

A

Pleural membrane

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3
Q

The organ that performs filtration of the blood, reabsorption, and secretion in vertebrates is the

A

The Kidneys

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4
Q

Each human kidney contains about a million_ which are the tubular functional units of the kidney

A

Nephrons

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5
Q

What is a necessary component of a powerful immune system

A

Immunological tolerance

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6
Q

What is the name for molecules that provoke a specific immune response

A

Antigens

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7
Q

Leukocytes( white blood cells) account for about _ of the cells in the human body

A

1%

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8
Q

Select the incorrectly matched organism and its primary nitrogenous waste product

A

Insects-Ammonia

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9
Q

All of the following are functions of the circulatory system EXCEPT

A

Oxygen, nutrient, and waste transport

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10
Q

Each nephron of the kidney consists of a long tubule and associated small blood vessels. Blood cells and plasma proteins are too large to enter with the glomerular filtrate. What is the correct path for the filtrate to follow through the nephron in the production of urine?

A

Bowman’s capsule-proximal convoluted tubule- loop of Henle- distal convoluted tubule- collecting duct

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11
Q

What do we call a lymphocytes that has never encountered an antigen

A

Naive lymphocytes

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12
Q

Which of the following cells is matched to an incorrect function

A

Neutrophil- important antigen presenting cell

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13
Q

The benefit provided by all hearts with two atria is

A

Not all the blood has to pass through both sides of the heart

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14
Q

The loudest sound you hear through a stethoscope while listening to your heart is

A

The semilunar valves closing

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15
Q

Select the incorrectly matched vertebrate and its urine concentration relative to its blood

A

Amphibians-isotonic

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16
Q

An increase in the production of ADH affects the kidney tubules by

A

Causing the walls of the collecting duct to become more permeable to water

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17
Q

What are the helper and inducer cells

A

T- cells

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18
Q

What cells are the precursors of macrophages

A

Monocytes

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19
Q

The liquid portion of blood that contains metabolites, wastes, hormones, ions, and a variety of proteins is called the

A

Plasma

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20
Q

Changes in the arterial blood pressure are detected by_ located in the walls of the carotid artery and the arch of the aorta

A

Baroreceptors

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21
Q

Excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules are present in

A

Insects

22
Q

Chose a pair that correctly associates the mechanism for osmoregulation or nitrogen removal with the appropriate animal

A

Flame bulb-flat worm

23
Q

Innate immunity

A

Is the first, and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens

24
Q

Mucus occurs in both the respiratory and digestive tracts. What is its main immunological function

A

Physically trapping of pathogens

25
Q

An electrocardiogram(ECG) provides information about

A

The rhythm of heart contractions

26
Q

A normal event in the process of blood clotting is the

A

Activation of prothrombin to thrombin

27
Q

An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the

A

Kidneys of the vertebrates

28
Q

Materials are returned to the blood from the filtrate by which of the following processes

A

Reabsorption

29
Q

The complement system is

A

a group of proteins that act together in a cascade fashion

30
Q

CD4 and CD8 are

A

Molecules present on the surface of T cells where they interact with major histocompatibility(MHC) molecules

31
Q

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the

A

Left Atrium

32
Q

Pulse is a direct measure of

A

Heart Rate

33
Q

Urea is

A

The primary nitrogenous waste product of humans

34
Q

Excessive formation of uric crystals in humans lead to

A

Gout, a painful inflammatory disease that primarily affects the joints

35
Q

Which of the following is not a class of immunoglobin

A

IgC

36
Q

When different types of blood are mixed together, what can occur due to different antibodies for the ABO and Rh factor antigens on the surface of red blood cells

A

An agglutination reaction

37
Q

What animal group is mismatched with its circulation system type( open or closed)

A

Cricket- closed

38
Q

The depolarization of the heart is initiated by the

A

Sinoatrial node

39
Q

All of the following are reabsorbed by the nephron EXCEPT

A

H+ ions

40
Q

Kidneys are thought to have evolved first among the

A

Freshwater bony fishes

41
Q

What is another term for allergy

A

Hypersensitivity

42
Q

The human immunodeficiency virus mounts a direct attack on TH cells by recognizing the _ surface proteins associated with these cells

A

CD4

43
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals

A

Vena Cava- right atrium- right ventricle- pulmonary artery

44
Q

In an open circulatory system, blood is

A

Not always confined to blood vessels and is under lower pressure than in closed circulatory systems

45
Q

Within a normally functioning kidney, red blood cells can be found in

A

The vasa recta

46
Q

After drinking alcoholic beverages, increased urine excretion is the result of

A

Inhibited secretion of antidiuretic hormone(ADH)

47
Q

What are two inflammatory mediators secreted by basophils and mast cells

A

Histamines and prostaglandins

48
Q

Which part of the antibody molecule determines what epitope it binds to

A

the two arms of the Y

49
Q

The P wave of the ECG represents

A

he depolarization of the atria

50
Q

Damage to the sinoatrial node in humans would ________

A

disrupt the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions

Biology Final Exam (1 decks)

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