Bio Final: 7,8,9

Question 1

extinction

Answer 1

when an entire species die out and no member remains

Question 2

fossils

Answer 2

the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past

Question 3

fossil record

Answer 3

the record of life that unfolded over four billion years and pieced back together through the analysis of fossils

Question 4

relative dating

Answer 4

determines which of two fossils is older or younger, but not their age in years

Question 5

absolute dating

Answer 5

determines how long a fossil organism lived

Question 6

molecular clock

Answer 6

uses DNA sequences to estimate how long it has been since related species diverged from a common ancestor

Question 7

what are molecular clocks based on?

Answer 7

the assumption that mutations accumulate through time at a steady average rate for a given region of DNA

Question 8

animals with similar human DNA(least to greatest

Answer 8

fruit fly, chicken, mouse, chimpanzee

Question 9

geologic time scale

Answer 9

divides Earth’s history into divisions that are bases on major changes in geology, climate, and the evolution of life

Question 10

what do scientists think sparked chemical reactions in Early Earth

Answer 10

lightning

Question 11

what does the Miller-Urey experiment demonstrate?

Answer 11

that organic molecules can be formed under the same conditions on early Earth

Question 12

RNA world hypothesis

Answer 12

the belief that RNA was the first organic molecule to evolve

Question 13

what do scientists think that life was solely based off of

Answer 13

RNA, and DNA and proteins evolved later

Question 14

evoltuion

Answer 14

when organisms change over a period of time

Question 15

natural selection

Answer 15

the process in which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring than others do

Question 16

adaption

Answer 16

an inherited trait that helps individuals to survive in a certain envirionment

Question 17

an individual acquires characteristics which are passed down to the offspring

Answer 17

false: traits can’t be passed on

Question 18

darwin’s main ideas of his theory of evolution

Answer 18

evolution occurs and evolutions occurs by natural selection

Question 19

where were Darwin’s most observations made

Answer 19

Galapagos Islands

Question 20

Thomas Malthus

Answer 20

studied human population changes

Question 21

George Cuvier

Answer 21

studied fossils

Question 22

what animal did Darwin study that led him to the theory of Natural Selection

Answer 22

finches and their beaks

Question 23

artificial selection

Answer 23

by selecting which animals were allowed to reproduce, they could change an organisms traits

Question 24

Alfred Russell Wallace

Answer 24

developed similar theories to Darwin

Question 25

fitness

Answer 25

an organism’s ability to survive

Question 26

the 4 forces that drive evolution

Answer 26

mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, natural selection

Question 27

homologous structures

Answer 27

similar structures that originated in a common ancestor, but have different functions

Question 28

front limbs of vertebrates

Answer 28

homologous structures

Question 29

analogous

Answer 29

features that serve similar functions and look alike but no common ancestor

Question 30

wings

Answer 30

analogous structures

Question 31

vestigial structures

Answer 31

featurs that seem to serve no useful function and are usually revealed in size

Question 32

tailbone and the appendix

Answer 32

vestigial structures

Question 33

gene flow

Answer 33

occurs when individuals move into or out of a population

Question 34

genetic drfit

Answer 34

a random change in allele frequencies

Question 35

bottleneck effect

Answer 35

when a population gets much smaller(natural disaster)

Question 36

paleontologists

Answer 36

someone who finds and studies fossils

Question 37

adaptive radiation

Answer 37

the process by which a single species evolves into many new species to fill available niches

Question 38

stabilizing selection

Answer 38

favors average individuals( human birth weight)

Question 39

directional selection

Answer 39

favors one of the extreme variations(speed of a lizard)

Question 40

disruptive selection

Answer 40

favors both of the extreme variations of a trait( rocky shores and color of shells)