Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio Final > Bio Final > Flashcards

Bio Final Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Define electrolytes. Give an example.

A

Salts
Na, Cl, K
Imbalance causes nervous system problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Describe the locations of body water using terms like intracellular and extra cellular with definitions/examples of each

A 
Intra- inside cell
Extra- outside cell
Can be
Interstitial- in between cells
In digestive tract
Circulatory system
Urinary
Glandular secretions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define pH.

A

-log [H+]

Measure of H concentration acidic neutral or basic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the normal blood pH?

A

7.4 +/- .05

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does the body compensate for hypovolemia? Hypervolemia?

A 
Hypervolemia- raised blood volume
Body lowers ADH
Excretes Na (sodium)
Hypovolemia- low blood volume
Retain Na
Release ADH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can cause acidosis? How does the body compensate?

A

Not eating

?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can cause alkalosis? How does the body compensate?

A

Respiratory problems

?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Draw the basic structure of an amino acid.

A 
H    
         l    
H-N-C-COOH
     l   l
    H  *
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List all the categories of side chains.

A

?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of linkage exists between amino acids?

A

Peptide bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List three monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Three polysaccharides

A

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Two disaccharides

A

Sucrose, lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Differ between CIS and trans fat

A

Trans- linear, clog arteries

CIS- same side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define oligosaccharides

A

2-10 glucose chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give two examples of skin problems associated with papilloma viruses.

A

Warts

- plantar warts, on foot, surgical removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the two most common bacteria in the skin.

A

Staph and strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the three skin infections associated with a bacterial infection.

A

Folliculitis
Cellulitis
Imputigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What causes Lyme disease? Symptoms? Tx?

A

Ioxidios- deer tick
Bacteria
Multiple symptoms, persistent headache
Tx antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why would candida be a problem?

A

Vagunal fungus

Can cause a problem if taking antibiotics, overgrowth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does hypersensitivity of the sebaceous gland cause? Etiology?

A

Acne, folliculitis

Due to excessive hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe “cradle cap” and “dandruff”

A

Cradle cap- sebarrheal dermatitis

Dandruff- dry skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is another term for eczema? Etiology?

A

Ectopic dermatitis

Heredity, other diseases, allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Differ between urticaria and contact dermatitis

A

Urticaria- hives

Contact dermatitis- poison ivy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Why would a shot that activates the anterior pituitary (specifically ACTH) be used for contact dermatitis?
To relieve itching by the body producing steroids
25
Define psoriasis. Tx?
Chronic skin condition, stress? | Tx manage stress
26
Name one benign tumor of the skin.
Hemangioma- birth mark
27
What is another name for hemangioma? Name 3 types.
Birth mark Port wine Strawberry Cherry
28
Define Kaposi's sarcoma. Who is at risk? Why?
Vascular tumor Associated with aids Comprised immune system
29
Define: albinism, vitiligo, melasma
Albinism- lack of milanocytes Vitiligo- inactivity of milanocytes Melasma- increased activity of milanocytes
30
Define alopecia. Etiology?
Loss of hair, male pattern baldness Decreased testosterone? Copper deficiency
31
What type of agent is a dermatophyte? What specific tinea is associated with ringworm athletes foot jock itch nail problems?
``` It's a fungus Tinea corporis- ringworm Tinea pedis- athletes foot Tinea crurias- jock itch Tinea unguium- nail problems ```
32
Define gene
Sequence of nucleotides that code for a specific protein
33
Define haploid
Single set of chromosomes
34
Define diploid
Pair of chromosomes
35
Define nucleotide
It's PO4 attached to sugar which is attached to a base
36
Germ cell
Haploid
37
Chromatid
An individual chromosome
38
Allele
Another name for a gene
39
Function of a gene?
To make a protein
40
Describe a chromosome include the physical m/u total number of strands and the approx % of junk DNA
45,000 bases 18 axons 839 AIA 98% junk
41
Genotype
Genetic makeup
42
Phenotype
Physical appearance
43
Dominant
Capital letter dominant allele
44
Recessive
Recessive lower case allele
45
Homozygous
Two same alleles - LL or ll
46
Heterozygous
Two different alleles- Ll
47
Autosome
Chromosome that determine somatic or body function (not sex chromosome) 22
48
Meiosis
Sexual reproduction
49
Mitosis
Cellular reproduction
50
Gamete
?
51
Autosomes
Non sex chromosomes
52
Gonads
Testicles
53
Describe three errors of transcription
Wrong gene selection Don't start & stop at the right place Reassemble incorrectly
54
Describe three errors of translation
Start at the wrong place at mRNA Bring in the wrong tRNA Process protein before it is released
55
How many genes in human
30,000 genes
56
What makes us so complicated?
Interactions between the proteins
57
Mutagens
Energy that alters the DNA Sunlight Smoking Chemicals
58
Three types of mutations
Point mutation Chromosomal deletion Chromosomal addition
59
4 non lethal autosomal traits result of a single genes fx
``` Finger length Ear lobes Widows peak Tongue curling Hyper extendible thumb ```
60
Difference between congenital and heredity defects
Congenial- present at birth | Heredity- genetic makeup
61
How does a carrier develop
When someone is heterozygous they carry the recessive trait but don't display it
62
Explain cystic fibrosis
Autosomal recessive Congenital Chlorine/ sodium protein Chromosome #7
63
Name two parasitic skin diseases, agent, tx?
Pediculosis- infestation of lice Medicated shampoo Scabies- infestation by the itch mite Application of lindane cream
63
Definition of abrasion and avulsion
Abrasion- trauma caused by scraping away skin | Avulsion- when skin is torn away
63
Differences between the types of burns
1 degree- epidermis burn 2 degree- epidermis and dermis burn 3 degree- epidermis dermis and exposes fat/muscle/bone
63
Describe decubitus ulcer
Pressure injury, bedsore
64
Describe the effects of aging on the skin
Wrinkles, stretchy, dryness
65
Karyotype
Process to visualize chromosomes
66
What are the sex linked chromosomes? Which one is normally affected?
X, Y | X
67
Muscular dystrophy
Sex linked disorder Shows between ages of 2-5 Progressive degeneration of the muscles
68
ALS
Destructive disease of motor neurons | Presents after age 50 mostly in males
69
Sickle cell anemia
Chronic hereditary form of anemia Causes abnormal cell shape Hereditary

Bio Final (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions