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Biology Final > Bio Final 201-300 > Flashcards

Bio Final 201-300 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the type of joint illustrated between the atlas and the axis is a

A

pivot

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2
Q

a hinge joint is located in the

A

elbow

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3
Q

a band of connective tissue between the fleshy portion of a muscle and a bone is

A

tendon

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4
Q

a secretion that lubricates a joint and acts as a shock absorber is

A

synovial fluid

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5
Q

when you write your answer to this question, the muscles that move your fingers are

A

skeletal muscles

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6
Q

smooth muscle is what kind of muscle

A

involuntary muscle

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7
Q

myofibrils are fine threads that make up

A

muscle fibers

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8
Q

the ATP molecule provides what

A

energy

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9
Q

the two structural protein filaments found in muscle cells are

A

actin and myosin

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10
Q

a movement toward the midline of the body is done by an

A

adduction

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11
Q

the biceps brachii is antagonistic to the

A

triceps brachii

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12
Q

a muscle that decreases the angle of a joint is called a

A

flexor

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13
Q

the masseter would aid one most in

A

chewing

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14
Q

the muscle that would adduct the thigh from a wide foot base would have its origin on the

A

ischium

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15
Q

the pectoralis major would help you most in

A

pushups

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16
Q

a person who uses his gastrocnemius will have well developed

A

calves

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17
Q

the rectus abdominis would help you most in

A

sit ups

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18
Q

after a great deal of exercise the soreness of muscles is caused in part by a build up of

A

lactic acid

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19
Q

a broken bone that protrudes through the skin is known as what kind of fracture

A

complete compound fracture

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20
Q

the voice box is another name for the

A

larynx

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21
Q

the mouth cavity is separated from the nasal cavity by the

A

palate

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22
Q

the trachea just before entering the lungs divides into two

A

bronchi

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23
Q

the microscopic sacs in the lungs where blood exchanges gases are the

A

alveoli

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24
Q

the membrane that covers the lungs is called the

A

plura

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25
Q

hemoglobin is the normal carrier of most of the

A

oxygen

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26
Q

the forging of air from the lungs is called

A

expiration

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27
Q

what forms the strongest bond with hemoglobin

A

carbon monoxide

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28
Q

what percentage of people who suffer from lung cancer are smokers

A

99

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29
Q

when oxygen combines with the red pigment molecule in the RBC it is called

A

oxyhemoglobin

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30
Q

what are the functions of the nasal passages

A

warms, filters, moistens air

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31
Q

name all the organs of the alimentary canal

A 
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine 
large intestine
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32
Q

the hard material that covers the crown of the tooth is the

A

enamel

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33
Q

the wavelike contractions of the alimentary canal that move food along are called

A

peristalsis

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34
Q

the semiliquid material in the stomach is called

A

chyme

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35
Q

microscopic fingerlike structures that increase the surface area of the small intestine and contain blood and lymph vessels are the

A

villi

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36
Q

what is the main function of the esophagus

A

move liquids to stomach

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37
Q

most food absorption and digestion occurs mainly where

A

small intestine

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38
Q

the passing of food from the stomach into the small intestine is controlled by what

A

pyloric sphincter

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39
Q

the portion of the small intestine in which the stomach empties is the

A

duodenum

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40
Q

what is the function of the small intestine

A

digest and absorb food

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41
Q

what are the functions of the liver

A

removes toxins, turns glucose into fat, stores vitamins, iron and copper

42
Q

much of the water in the digestive process is reabsorbed in where

A

large intestine

43
Q

substance essential to the body because it dissolves certain foods and aids in regulating fluid balance, pH level, and body temperature is what

A

water

44
Q

salivary enzymes begin the breaking down of what

A

starches

45
Q

pepsin in gastric fluid acts on molecules of what

A

protein

46
Q

a deficiency in iron in a person’s diet would most noticeably result in what

A

anemia

47
Q

which minerals are essential to humans

A

Calcium, iron, zinc, sodium, magnesium

48
Q

a deficiency in vitamin C can best be remedied by eating what

A

citrus

49
Q

because the body does not store them, a person needs to daily consume what kind of vitamins

A

water soluable

50
Q

bile is important in the emulsification of

A

fats

51
Q

what enzyme acts on fats

A

lipase

52
Q

what is a calorie

A

measurement of heat energy

53
Q

the energy required to maintain normal body functions is called

A

basal metabolic rate

54
Q

the minerals in the blood are carried by what

A

blood plasma

55
Q

what proteins are found in the plasma of the blood

A

albumin, globulin, fibrinogen

56
Q

the blood protein globulin is important because it acts as what

A

antibody

57
Q

the most abundant type of blood cell in a quantity of normal blood is the

A

erythrocytes

58
Q

where are antibodies found

A

blood plasma

59
Q

persons with type AB blood produce what kind of antibodies

A

none

60
Q

when testing for blood types, different bloods are considered incompatible if the red blood cells do what

A

agglutinate

61
Q

complications in the birth of a third child to an Rh negative mother are most likely to occur when the child is

A

Rh+ with the previous children being Rh+

62
Q

a sign of an infection in the tissues is a sudden

A

increased number of white blood cells

63
Q

the blood component necessary for the formation of clots is

A

platelets

64
Q

a coronary thrombosis occurs when

A

blood vessels clot

65
Q

the muscular partition dividing the heart into right and left sides is the

A

septum

66
Q

the heart is enclosed in a fibrous sac called the

A

pericardium

67
Q

the heart is lined by the

A

endocardium tissue

68
Q

the stimulus for a normal heartbeat begins in the

A

sinoatrial node

69
Q

the phase of the heartbeat when the heart contracts is called the

A

systole

70
Q

and ECG measures

A

electroactivity of the heart

71
Q

the normal adult heartbeat rate is about

A

70 beats per minute

72
Q

blood is carried toward the heart by

A

veins

73
Q

the diffusion of glucose, waste products, and oxygen occurs in the

A

capillaries

74
Q

the functional units of the circulatory system are the

A

capillary

75
Q

the blood vessel of the medial surface of the upper arm where blood pressure is usually measured is the

A

brachial vessel

76
Q

deoxygenated blood flows through the arteries involved in

A

pulmonary circulation

77
Q

the movement of oxygen and food out of the blood and carbon dioxide and wastes into the blood takes place in the capillaries of the

A

systematic circulation

78
Q

the hepatic artery carries blood from the

A

aorta to the liver

79
Q

the blood is filtered, removing wastes during

A

renal circulation process

80
Q

urine of a healthy person is made up of what

A

95% water, urea, ammonia

81
Q

lymph is forced through lymph vessels by

A

pressure from skeletal muscles

82
Q

what are the lymphatic organs

A

thymus gland, tonsils, spleen

83
Q

lymph originates from the

A

fluid surrounding cells

84
Q

edema is

A

swollen tissue from excess fluid

85
Q

the tube that leads from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body is the

A

urethra

86
Q

foreign proteins that set off a defense reaction in the host are known as

A

antigen

87
Q

the ability of the body to resist an infectious disease is called

A

immunity

88
Q

AIDS is

A

autoimmune disease from HIV, no cure

89
Q

the brain and spinal cord make up the

A

central nervous system

90
Q

impulses are carried toward the nerve cell bodies by fibers called

A

dendrites

91
Q

neurons are composed of

A

cell bodies, dendrites, axons

92
Q

when a neuron is not carrying an impulse it is

A

polarized

93
Q

a neuron that carries impulses from the brain and the spinal cord to a muscle or gland is a

A

motor neuron

94
Q

the area between two neurons is called the

A

synapse

95
Q

the proper sequence of structures as they are stimulated in a reflex arc is

A 
sensory receptors 
sensory neurons
interneurons 
motor neurons
effector
96
Q

what are functions of the glial cells

A

transfer nutrients to neurons, destroy dead neurons, protect living neurons

97
Q

puberty is the time at which

A

secondary sex characteristics develop

98
Q

what constitutes maturity

A

self control, goals

99
Q

the human will is the function of the

A

conscious mind

100
Q

tolerance for a drug involves what

A

number of uses, amount taken, resistance to drug

Biology Final (3 decks)

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