bio final Flashcards
which atomic particle has no charge and is located in the nucleus?
neutron
the nucleolus is the site of:
uncoiling and unraveling of chromosomes
a yellow jacket, an insect in the order hymenoptera, stung me. a wasp, an insect in insects in this order must have stingers. what type of reasoning does this represent?
inductive reasoning
egg whites consist primarily of water and the protein albumin. when you fry an egg, why does the egg white turn from clear to white?
the protein becomes denatured
the major histocompatibility complex is important in a t-cell’s ability to:
recognize self from non-self
a protein that is destined to reach the plasma membrane is making its way through the golgi. at that moment, a drug was added to cells, blocking trafficking at the trans face of the golgi. as a result, what would happen to the protein?
the protein would be stuck in the golgi
when two atoms share a pair of electrons, this bonding is referred to as:
covalent
carbohydrates are polymers formed from structural units called:
monosaccharides
individuals that are heavy smokers may eventually have trouble clearing the mucous from their lungs because the structures that move fluid along the epilethial lining of the lung become damaged over time. what are these structures called?
cilia
what polysaccharide forms the long, though fibers found in plant cell walls?
cellulose
matter is composed of
atoms
while you are riding the ski lift up to the top of the mountain on a very cold day you start to shiver involuntarily. you know that shivering is your body’s attempt to help regulate your body temperature and is an example of what type of mechanism?
homeostasis
proteins are polymers formed of structural units called
amino acids
the organelle that can collect, package, modify, and transport molecules is called the
golgi apparatus
seth ordered lobster at a restaurant and realized that the other outer shell was made of a tough carbohydrate similar to that used to make the carapace of a cockroach. what do you think the outer shell of the lobster is made?
chitin
the dna sequence is capable of pairing with 5’CGATTAGT3’ is:
3’ GCTAATCA5’
a dna molecule containing 32% thymine would contain how much cytosine?
18%
after darwin concluded his voyage on the Beagle, he proposed that the process of nature selection was a mechanism for:
evolution
phospholipids are made up of
a phosphate, two fatty acids and glycerol
microfilaments such as actin, microtubules, and the intermediate filaments from the cell-supporting structure called the:
cytoskeleton
macromolecules are broken down to monomers in
hydrolysis reactions
proteins are created with
peptide bonds
experiments are carried out to test a hypothesis by changing one variable at a time and should include an unchanged variable termed a (n)
control
the ph of your small intestines is around 7.5 and the ph of your large intestine can be 5.5. as substances travel from the small intestines to the large intestine, what would happen to the H+ ion concentration?
it increases by 100-fold
all atoms tend to fill their outer energy levels with the maximum number of electrons, usually eight. depending on whether atoms satisfy the octet rule, this will predict
the chemical behavior of the atoms
negatively charged subatomic particles that have almost no mass are called
electrons
three fatty acids bonded together
triglyceride
nuclear pores permit the passage of all the following except
dna molecules only outward
plant cells often have a large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other substances called a
central vacuole
relatively small organic molecules with a central carbon atom bonded to a carboxyl group, an amino group, a carbon group, and a hydrogen atom are called
amino acids
a bobcat is feeding on a white-tailed deer. it first eats the liver, which is rich in stored sugars. in what form would sugar be stored in the deer’s liver?
glycogen
sulfolobus are archaea that are commonly found in the geothermal environments, with an optimum growth temperature of about 80 C. what feature allows archaea to thrive at such temperatures?
archaeal membranes contain special lipids
dr ratard was trying to determine the cause of a mysterious epidemic affecting fish in the gulf of mexico. his proposal that the deaths were caused by an organism called a protist is considered a(n)
hypothesis
the covalent bonds connecting monomer units in sugars can be formed by the removal of a water molecule. this reaction is referred to as
dehydration reaction
the types of bonds found in nucleic acids are
phosphodiester bonds
prokaryotic cell movement is attributed to
flagella
the nitrogenous base that is only found in rna and not dna is
uracil
biological membranes contain bilayers containing mostly
phospholipids
your research project involves characterizing the expression pattern of a nuclear pore protein. after using immunohistochemistry to fluorescently label the protein, you decide that you would like to capture the data as a 3d image. which microscope should you use?
confocal microscope
dna and rna contain functional units known as
nucleotides
the term that darwin used to describe the concept that those with superior physical, behavior or other attributes are more likely to survive than those that are not so well endowed, and this are more likely to pass their traits to the next generation, is called
natural selection
the same basic array of bones is modified to give rise to the wing of a bat and the fin of a porpoise. such anatomical structures are called
homologous
sanai was monitoring the oil spill in the gulf of mexico from an oil tanker. from her observations, she noted that the oil was moving in large patches through the water. the oil did not appear to dissolve into the water. why did the oil not dissolve into the water?
hydrophobic interactions
the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution is referred to as
pH
about 12 of the 90 natural elements are known to be essential to life. four of these 12 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter. what are the 4 elements?
carbon, hydrogen. oxygen, nitrogen
place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex
1. molecules
2. atoms
3. tissues
4. cells
5 organs
2.1.4.3.5
lipid
zig zags
nucleotide
see picture
3d protein structure achieved when alpha-helical or beta-pleated regions of the polypeptide chain fold upon one another to produce a compact ball-like, or globular, molecule
tertiary
the sequence of amino acids that form the polypeptide chain
primary
protein structures represented by alpha-helices and beta-sheets
secondary
two or more polypeptide chains, each with its own tertiary structure
quaternary
the endosymbiotic theory suggests that mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic. what is the evidence that endosymbiosis has occurred?
they have their own dna
they have their own ribosomes
they are the size of the prokaryotic microbes mentioned
what are 2 cell structures only observed in plant cells and not animal cells
cell wall
chloroplasts
what is cell theory
all cells come from preexisting cells
every living thing is made of cells
cells are formed through cell division of other cells
are barrel-shaped proteins that help with protein folding
chaperone
the citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria. there are nine biochemical reactions involved in the citric acid cycle, and they are highly ordered. select the correct order
acetyl-CoA joins the citric acid cycle and unites with oxaloacetate-> forming citrate -> which forms alpha-ketoglutarate -> which forms succinyl-CoA->which forms succinate->which forms fumarate->which forms malate-> which forms oxaloacetate
fermentation occurs if
oxygen is not present
glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm
true
the final acceptor for hydrogen ions in aerobic cellular respiration is
oxygen
organisms that can manufacture their own chemical energy are called
autotrophs
glycolysis results in the nft production of which of the following sets of molecules per glucose molecule?
2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP
