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bio final\ Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many amino acids are coded by this sequence of nitrogen bases?ATG GGA ACT CCA

A

4

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2
Q

The start codon on DNA is ___ and
the start codon on the mRNA is ___.

A

TAC, AUG

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3
Q

What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand? Use the MRNA Codon Chart.
AAU - ACG - AGG

A

Asn - Thr - Arg
3

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4
Q

All living organisms are made up ______. When we eat living organisms, the _____ breaks down into _________. During DNA Replication the _______ produce new___ molecules to produce 2 identical daughter cells in Mitosis.

A

DNA, DNA, nitrogen bases, nitrogen bases DNA.
DNA, RNA, nitrogen bases,

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5
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?

A

DNA stays in the cell’s nucleus and mRNA leaves the nucleus.

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6
Q

What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?

A

the order of the nitrogen bases

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7
Q

If a DNA molecule consists of 29% Guanine, what percent of Cytosine will it contain?

A

29%

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8
Q

The shape of the DNA molecule is a __________________.

A

double helix

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9
Q

Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?

A

phosphate groups

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10
Q

What are the correct mRNA codons of this DNA strand?
ATC - GCC - ATT

A

UAG - CGG - UAA

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11
Q

What mRNA sequence is made from the following DNA sequence?
GTAGTCA

A

CAUCAGU

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12
Q

What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?

A

Leucine

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13
Q

If a DNA molecule consists of 30% Guanine, how much adenine will it contain?

A

20%

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14
Q

ATTTGAGCC- Original
ATTGAGCC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

A

Deletion -Frameshift

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15
Q

The sugar in DNA is ________.

A

deoxyribose

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16
Q

DNA is named after its _____ and type of _____.

A

sugar and biomolecule

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17
Q

In DNA, adenine pairs up with ______________.

A

thymine

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18
Q

A scientist placed nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Only amino acid chains of phenylalanine were produced. What does the experiment conclude?

A

UUU codes for phenylalanine

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19
Q

When we eat ____, the ______ get broken down into _______. During ________, the _____ connect back together to form a _____.

A

proteins, proteins, amino acids, Protein Synthesis, amino acids, protein.

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20
Q

All mutations are harmful.

A

False

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21
Q

What type of mutation took place?
T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

A

Point

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22
Q

The hereditary genetic material present in all living cells is

A

DNA

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23
Q

Which 2 molecules form the sides of the DNA?

A

deoxyribose and phosphate groups

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24
Q

What are the three types of mutations?

A

Insertion, Deletion, Substitution

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25
Q

A long chain of amino acids is called a ______.

A

protein

26
Q

Three nitrogen bases on the mRNA that code for a single amino acid is called a _____.

A

codon

27
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

28
Q

Which of the following is not (r)ound in RNA?

A

thymine

29
Q

A human disease is caused by a change in one codon in a gene from GAA to GUA. The disease is a result of _________.

A

a mutation

30
Q

Would a mutation in the DNA of a skin cell be passed on to an organism’s offspring?

A

No. Only mutations that occur in the gametes (sex cells) are passed on to the offspring

31
Q

What provides the instructions to build a protein?

A

DNA

32
Q

Which amino acid has the same codon as the (jump)start codon?

A

Methionine

33
Q

How many codons are on this DNA sequence
ATT CTT ATG GGA AGG CCA CCC?

A

7

34
Q

A DNA molecule sequence is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA sequence is TTACGCAAAG. This is an example of a___ mutation.

A

Insertion

35
Q

In mRNA, adenine is complementary to ______.

A

uracil

36
Q

Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?

A

Insertions and Deletions

37
Q

What makes DNA different from RNA?

A

DNA has thymine and RNA has uracil

38
Q

Which shows the correct base pairing in DNA?

A

A-T, C-G

39
Q

The building blocks of proteins are called ______.

A

amino acids

40
Q

Why is DNA important?

A

It serves as the blueprint for protein synthesis in all living organisms.

41
Q

When an extra nitrogen base was inserted into the DNA sequence of a gene, the protein didn’t function correctly. Why?

A

the inserted base caused the codons in the sequence to be incorrect for the desired protein

42
Q

Guanine pairs up with ______________.

A

cytosine

43
Q

The 3 stop codons on DNA are ___, ___, and ___.

A

ATC, ATT, ACT

44
Q

What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code?
AUG CCA GUA

A

Met-Pro-Val

45
Q

When mRNA copies the gen(u)etic code from DNA, the mRNA base ____ always pairs with the base ___ in DNA.

A

Uracil, Adenine

46
Q

What is a gene?

A

A segment of DNA that codes for a protein.

47
Q

What process synthesizes mRNA from DNA?

A

Transcription

48
Q

DNA is composed of the monomer

A

nucleotides

49
Q

The sequence of events for protein synthesis is

A

DNA–>mRNA
–>Proteins

50
Q

In a DNA molecule, the amount of Adenine is always equal to the amount of _____.

A

Thymine

51
Q

DNA makes a copy of itself in the process called ________________________________.

A

DNA replication

52
Q

A mutation is a ________.

A

change in the DNA sequence

53
Q

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this strand
ATG TGA CAG

A

TAC ACT GTC

54
Q

Amino acids get into our cells when we eat _______.

A

proteins

55
Q

Why are frameshift (insertion and deletion) mutations so harmful?

A

They change all of the codons from the mutation, which changes the amino acid sequence

56
Q

All cells in an organism contain a full copy of that organism’s DNA. Your nose does not produce digestive enzymes because

A

different genes are expressed in different organs
stomach cells have extra

57
Q

The diagram shows the structure of what molecule?

A

DNA

58
Q

What is the name of the organelle where amino acids are bonded together to form proteins?

A

ribosome

59
Q

In which organelle is DNA located in?

A

nucleus

60
Q

What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA?

A

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
adenine, uracil, cytosine, guan

bio actual final this time (1 decks)

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