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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

When examining a pedigree, what 2 things should you first determine about the trait being shown? (Choose 2 answers).

A

sex-linked/dominant or recessive

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2
Q

A woman has B blood type and her husband has A blood type. What must be the mom’s and the dad’s genotype, if they produced a baby with O blood type?

A

Mom-IBi
Dad-IAi

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3
Q

Which of the following is a homozygous recessive genotype?

A

dd

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4
Q

This type of genetic disorder only requires 1 defective gene to produce the disorder.

A

Dominant Disorder

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5
Q

What is the genotype for someone who has AB blood type?

A

IAIB

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6
Q

Fill in the yellow box.

A

bb

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7
Q

In a pedigree, what shape represents a male?

A

square

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8
Q

colorblindness is a sex-linked recessive disorder. if the daughter of a couple is colorblindness, what are the parent genotype

A

Mom XCXc
Dad XcY

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9
Q

Which of the following is a heterozygous genotype?

A

Gg

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10
Q

How many alleles do we inherit from each parent for each trait?

A

one

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11
Q

In the second generation-how many people are carriers of the disorder?

A

3

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12
Q

What genotype goes in box 3?

A

Aabb

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13
Q

Colorblindness is a sex-linked recessive disorder. A normal woman whose father was colorblind marries a man with normal color vision. What percentage of their sons will be colorblind?

A

50%

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14
Q

Colorblindness is a sex-linked recessive disorder. If the son of a couple is colorblind, what are the 2 possible genotypes of his mother?

A

XCXc and XcXc

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15
Q

Smooth seeds is dominant to wrinkled seeds.
What is the genotype ratio for the following cross?

Nn X Nn

A

NN = 25%, Nn = 50%, nn = 25%

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16
Q

If a father is heterozygous for A blood type and a mother is heterozygous for B blood type, what is phenotypic ratios of the offspring?

A

25% A blood type,
25% B blood type, 25% AB blood type

25% O blood type,

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17
Q

Genetics is the study of

A

heredity

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18
Q

What antigens are found on the surface of RBC’s of a person who has AB+ blood type?

A

A, B and Rh

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19
Q

One form of a gene is called_______________

A

an allele

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20
Q

What is a punnett square?

A

A tool scientist use to determine possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring

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21
Q

Autosomal genetic disorders are located on position(s) ____ and sex-linked genetic disorders are located on position(s) _ _____ on a karyotype.

A

1-22, 23

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22
Q

What are the possible phenotypes of the offspring? (A-Brown hair; a-blond hair)

A

75 % Brown Hair and 25% Blond Hair

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23
Q

When 2 different alleles are found together, the one that is fully expressed (shows up) in the individual is ________.

A

dominant

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24
Q

Who is Gregor Mendel?

A

Father of genetics

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25
Q

Dad is blood type ____, Mom is blood type___.
The offspring will produce blood type ___ or blood type ____.

A

O, AB, A, B

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26
Q

Fill in the yellow box.

A

Aa

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27
Q

Cross 2 homozygous plants (RRYY x rryy)
R = round seeds, r = wrinkled seeds

Y = yellow seeds, y = green seeds.

What percent will have round and yellow seeds?

A

100%

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28
Q

When you cross two parents, each parent passes down _______ allele(s) for each trait.

A

1

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29
Q

In a dihybrid cross

A

two traits are crossed.

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30
Q

A diagram that looks like a family tree and is used to track genes throughout generations is called a ____.

A

Pedigree

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31
Q

Which gametes will this parent’s genotype produce?

A

AB, aB

32
Q

Which of the following is a homozygous dominant genotype?

A

EE

33
Q

Jim has AB blood type. His mom has A blood type. Mark has O blood type.

Paul has A blood type. Peter has B blood type.

Who could be the Jim’s father?

A

Peter

34
Q

What antigens does a person with O+ blood type produce?

A

Rh factor only

35
Q

In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). If a rabbit has brown fur, what can you conclude about its genotype?

A

It is bb.

36
Q

The ____ allele is always expressed when present.

A

dominant

37
Q

If this pedigree shows an autosomal recessive disorder, what MUST the genotype of individual II-3 be?

A

hh

38
Q

B = brown eyes
b = blue eyes

One brother has the genotype BB and the other brother has the genotype Bb.

Which statement is true about the two brothers?

A

They have the same phenotype, but different genotypes.

39
Q

In flowers, purple color is dominant to pink and short is dominant to tall. Cross a flower that is heterozygous for both traits with a flower that is pink and tall. What percent of the flowers will be pink and short?

A

25%

40
Q

In guinea pigs, black hair is dominant to white hair and short hair is dominant to long hair. What would be the phenotype of a guinea pig with the genotype Bbss?

A

black hair, long ears

41
Q

What is the genotype for O blood type?

A

ii

42
Q

What are the possible blood types of the children of a woman with O blood type and man with AB blood type?

A

A and B

43
Q

Hemophilia is a recessive sex-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a male with hemophilia?

A

XhY

44
Q

What blood type is this?

A

AB+

45
Q

In humans, males have

A

one X sex chromosome and one Y sex chromosome

46
Q

In flowering plants, red flower color (R) is dominant over white flower color (r). What is the genotype of a white-flowering plant?

A

rr

47
Q

Hemophilia is a recessive sex-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a female who is a carrier for hemophilia?

A

XHXh

48
Q

Aa, DD, bb are all examples of

A

genotypes

49
Q

Which of the following genotypes belongs in the red box in the punnett square?

A

XBY

50
Q

If males and females are equally affected by a genetic disorder, such as in the pedigree above, the genetic disorder is

A

Autosomal

51
Q

Males inherit color-blindness from their ______, because the disorder is located on the ____ sex chromosome. Mom’s pass down the ___ sex chromosome to her sons and dad’s pass down the ___ sex chromosome.

A

mother, X, X, Y

52
Q

Which of the following is a phenotype?

A

round eyes

53
Q

The genetic disorder hemophilia and color-blindness are Sex-Linked recessive disorders because the allele is located on the ______.

A

x sex chromosome

54
Q

What is the genotype for a pea plant heterozygous for round seeds (R), and homozygous recessive for green seeds (y)?

A

Rryy

55
Q

The punnett square is used to predict the color of a frog’s skin. “G” represents green skin and “g” represents brown skin. What is the chance the baby frogs will have green skin?

A

100%

56
Q

What are the possible genotypes of a pea plant with the alleles Pp crossed with a pea plant with the alleles Pp.
P= purple

p= white

A

PP, Pp, and pp

57
Q

What is the dad’s genotype? (What alleles should be in the high-lighted yellow section?)

A

dd

58
Q

The gender of a child is determined by

A

the father’s sperm cell because it has an X or Y sex chromosome

59
Q

What is the probability that the offspring will be born with a homozygous dominant genotype?

A

50%

60
Q

Hemophilia, a sex-linked genetic disorder, is more common in males than in females because

A

males have only a single copy of any gene located on the X chromosome

61
Q

Which blood type is the universal donor (can donate to all)?

A

O-

62
Q

What is the probability that a person with O blood type and a person with AB blood type conceive a child with AB blood type?

A

0%

63
Q

If more males are affected, such as in the above pedigree, the trait is

A

sex-linked

64
Q

Mendel determined that we have ____ copies of each gene (one from each parent).

A

2

65
Q

Which of the following is true about O- blood type?

A

it dosent contain

66
Q

A heterozygous long-tusked elephant is crossed with a homozygous recessive short-tusked elephant. What is the probability that the offspring will have short tusks?

A

50%

67
Q

A woman is a carrier for a genetic disorder means that

A

she has 1 recessive allele, but not the disorder

68
Q

An organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits is known as the

A

phenotype

69
Q

If a gene is found only on the X sex chromosome and not the Y sex chromosome, it is said to be

A

sex-linked

70
Q

In pea plants, the tall allele is dominant to the short allele. What key would demonstrate this?

A

T
s

71
Q

Human females produce egg cells that have

A

one X sex chromosome

72
Q

Based off this punnett square, what fraction of the offspring will have wrinkled, yellow seeds?

A

3/16

73
Q

Hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disorder. A woman with hemophilia marries an unaffected man. What percentage of their daughters will have hemophilia?

A

0%

74
Q

If your blood type is Rh+ (such as A+) then you _____ on the surface of your red blood cells.

A

produce the Rh factor antigen

75
Q

Which blood type is the universal recipient?

A

AB+

bio final (1 decks)

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