Bio final Flashcards
when one atom shares two pairs of electrons equally with another atom
double nonpolar covalent bond
all organic molecules contain
hydrogen and carbon
which carbohydrate is used in animals for energy storage
glycogen
which carb in plants cell walls
cellulose
what type of bond forms from one atom gaining an electron and one losing an electron
ionic bond
what bond is found between 2 amino acids
peptide bond
term for the loss of 3d shape of a protein and thereby eliminating its function
denaturation
oragnelle found in plants functions in mainly tonicity but also stores water
central vacuole
organelle primarily responsible for breaking down fatty acids
peroxisome
organelle responsible for synthesis of lipids and detoxification of toxic substances
smooth er
which cell junction allows small molecules and ions to pass between two adjacent animal cells
gap junction
junction that creates a solid barrier to prevent molecules from moving between the cells
tight junction
major chemical that regulates the fluidity of animal cell membranes by stiffening the membrane at higher temp and preventing the membrane from freezing at lower temp
cholesterol
what is the best definition of osmosis
the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
active transport…
- is involved in diffusion
- occurs in osmosis and facilitated transport
- requires an input of ATP
- all answers are correct
- is involved in diffusion
- occurs in osmosis and facilitated transport
- **requires an input of ATP***
- all answers are correct—> not correct
in a phospholipid bilayer…
a. )fatty acid tails are ionized
b. )phosphate groups are hydrophobic
c. )fatty acid tails are hydrophillic
d. )phosphate heads are oriented toward the exterior of the cell or toward the cytoplasm
d.)phosphate heads are oriented toward the exterior of the cell or toward the cytoplasm
what might happen to an animal cell in a hypotonic enviorment
lysis
fimbrae of prokaryoic are for…
attachment
if there is a net movement of water exiting a cell, what tpe of enviorment is the cell found
hypertonic
if there is a net movement of water entering a cell, what tpe of enviorment is the cell found
hypotonic
what is the term for he movement of partciles through the membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration using a carrier protein
failitated
which of the follwoing factors limit exponential growth?
all of them —
-limited resource availability
-increase in predatord
competetion with members of pop and other species
which variable is not a desnity depenedent factor?
d is the answer a-compettition b-hawk preying on mice c-smallpox outbreaks d-an early cold spell that causes the plants to die off earlier than normal
which of the following is correct on predator-prey cycle
correct-a decline in the number of prey causes a decline in the number of predators
not correct-a dceline in the number of predators causes a dceline in prey
-an increase in the number of predators triggers an increase in the number of prey
what is the correct order primary succession
-soil formation pioneer species enter region, shrubs grow, small tress grow
Which is the most closely associated with the Calvin cycle?
- ATP ProductioN
- Carbon dioxide production
- Oxygen production
- Carbon dioxide fixation
-Carbon dioxide fixation
Which stage is most Associated with a cell that is unable to divide again such as a muscle on nerve cell?
- g0
- s
- g2
- g1
G0 phase
The light dependent reactions of photosynthesis takes place…
- stroma
- Cristae
- cytosol
- Thylakoid membrane
thylakoid membrane
The function of mitosis is…
- asexual reproduction
- Growth of the organism and tissue repair
- To ensure that each new cell receive a complete set of genetic information
- all choices correct
all choices are correct
In addition to a ATP what are the end products glycolisis?
-co2 and pyruvate
- h20, NADH, and citrate
- NADH and pyruvate
- c02 and h2o
- co2 and NADH
GLYCOSIS ENDS UP WITH…
NADH, PYRUVATE
AND ATP
During which phase of MITOSIS does the nuclear membrane and nucleolus reforms chromosomes become chromatin and spindle fibers break down
- interphase
- prophase
- telophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
TELOPHASE
NADPH Is produced by…
- Light reactions alone
- The Calvin cycle alone
- NADPH production is not a part of photosynthesis
- Both light reactions and the calvin cycle
light reactions alone
A drug binds to the active site of an enzyme. If it is bound to the active site of the enzyme, it prevents substrate binding. This drug would be considered a/an…
- non- competitive inhibitor
- competitive inhibitor
- allosteric inhibitor
- allosteric activator
-competitive inhibitor
Which of the following is not correct?
- The enzyme does not become part of the product* maybe this one**
- enzymes cause a chemical reaction to occur that would not occur naturally
- Enzymes are specific to their substrate
- all are NOT correct ❌
The enzyme does not become part of the product
what is the result of a cell not meeting the criteria to pass the G one checkpoint?
- The cell may enter the GO stage
- The cell may undergo apoptosis
- The cell cycle halts
- all of these
- none of these
all of the above
- The cell may enter the GO stage
- The cell may undergo apoptosis
- The cell cycle halts
Which of the following REACTANTS are required for cellular respiration?
- glucose and oxygen
- Oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Sunlight and glucose
- glucose and carbon dioxide
glucose and xygen
Both ATP & NADPH are required(reactant)for…
- The Calvin cycle only
- neither the light reaction nor the Calvin cycle
- Both the light reaction and Calvin cycle.
- The light reaction only
the calvin cycle
wher is the calvin cycle?
stroma
Why are plants green?
- They absorb only green wavelengths of light
- They reflect the colors of the visible light spectrum and absorb all of the wavelengths associated with the ultraviolet spectrum
- They absorb only yellow and blue wavelengths of the lights, which when mixed within the leaf, give plants their characteristic green color.
- They reflect all of the ultraviolet wavelengths and absorb all of the visible light spectrum.
- They reflect green wave lengths of light and absorb other colors of the visible light spectrum
-They reflect green wave lengths of light and absorb other colors of the visible light spectrum
When the third phosphate bond on ATP is broken ____ is released
- heat
- kilocalories
- calories
- energy
energy
What molecule is cycled in the citric acid cycle? (Begins and ends with)
-ATP
- FADH2
- Oxaloacetate
- nadh
oxaloactate
Where does glycosis take place?
- mitochondrial membrane
- cytosol
- mitochondrial inner membrane
- mitochondrial matrix
cytosol
Where does glycosis take place?
- mitochondrial membrane
- cytosol
- mitochondrial inner membrane
- mitochondrial matrix
cytosol
What molecule does the Calvin cycle start and end with?
- rubp
- pepcase
- g3p
- co2
rubp
Which of the following occurs during cytokinesis of a plant cell?
- A cell plate forms
- The cell membrane pinches and forms a cleavage furrow❌
- The cell wall pinches until two cells form
- None of the answer choices are correct
A cell plate forms
Which phase of meiosis does independent assortment occur?
Metaphase 1
Telophase 2
Metaphase 2 ❌
Telophase 1
Metaphase 1
Gene pharming is the use of…
- transgenic farm animals to produce pharmaceuticals
- Bacteria to produce organic compounds like a aSpartame and phenmalnine
- Transgenic plants to produce larger vegetables and sweeter fruits❌
- STR profiling to determine evolutionarily relationships among organisms
transgenic farm animals to produce pharmaceuticals
What is the function of gel electrophoresis in genetic engineering?
- link together newly joined fragments of DNA
- separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges
- make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA❌
- cut DNA into many fragments
separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges
When bone marrow stem cells are removed from the patient, infected with a virus that carries a normal Gene, and returned to the patient, this is an example of
-chemotherapy
– Ex vivo gene therapy
- viral disinfection
- in vivo gene therapy❌
Ex vivo gene therapy
What is the term used when one gene interferes with the expression of another gene, such as occurs in the coat color of labrador retrievers?
Pleitropy
Polygenic inheritance ❌
Epistasis
Multiple alleles
Epistasis
A test cross involves an individual exhibiting the dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype being crossed with an individual that has a ____ genotype
homozygous dominant ✅
Heterozygous dominant ❌❌
Homozygotes recessive❌
All are correct❌
homozygous dominant
DNA replication is considered semi conservative because…
- It never replicate in the 5 to 3 prime directions
- it always replicates in the 3 to 5 prime direction❌
- It uses the original parent strand as a template for replication
- It will create three new identical strands when finished
-It uses the original parent strand as a template for replication
___ is a Group of three bases on tRNA that is complementary to a specific mRNA codon
- codon ❌
- Cap
- Poly a tail
- Anitcodon
Anitcodon
Point Mutation
a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence.
Owls and hocks feed on similar prey, small rodents, but owls are night hunters and hawks are day hunters. this is an example of
- character displacement
- resource partitioning
- predation separation❌
- Island bio- geography
resource partitioning
The measure of the relative abundance of the different species is known as…
- species richness❌
- ecosystem
- biosphere
- species biodiversity ✅
species biodiversity
Which type if succession would occur after a volcanic eruption?
Primary - rock first ✅
Secondary❌
Teritary
No sucession
Primary - rock first
Which of the following statements concerning the indirect values of biodiversity is NOT correct ?
- Diverse organisms are critical in breaking down waste and immobilizing pollutants
- Forest act as a sponge to soak up water and release it during the dryer periods
- If biodiversity cannot maintain the bio geochemical cycles, then technology will have to artificially create those cycles✅
- trees take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen when they photosynthesize
If biodiversity cannot maintain the bio geochemical cycles, then technology will have to artificially create those cycles
What is the Result of a cell not meeting the criteria to pass the G1 checkpoint?
- Tell may undergo apoptosis
- The cell cycle Halts
- The cell may enter the G0 stage
- all of these
- None of these
The cell may enter the G0 stage
A certain species of butterfly varies in color from white to dark blue the birds found in the same area feed on the white or lightly colored butterflies, leaving butterflies that are darkly colored. This may result in what type of selection?
directional selection
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection ❌
directional selection
Which of the following describes bio chemical evidence for evolution?
- All living organisms are composed of many cells
- all living organisms contain identical DNA. ❌
- All vertebrate embryos have pharyngeal pouches.
- All living organisms have the same type of molecules
All living organisms have the same type of molecules
Which of the following characteristics of water, gives a water molecule the ability to cling to another polars surface?
- cohesion
- high heat vaporization
- adhesion ✅
- high heat capacity
adhesion
Which of the following membrane proteins allows small molecules to pass free through the membrane?
- Receptor proteins
- Enzymatic protein
- spell recognition protein
- channel proteins
- carrier proteins ❌
channel proteins
